HvPap-1 C1A Protease Participates Differentially in the Barley Response to a Pathogen and an Herbivore

Díaz-Mendoza, Mercedes; Velasco-Arroyo, Blanca; Santamaría, M. Estrella; Dı́az, Isabel; Martínez, Manuel

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01585

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…The in vitro inhibition of the fungal growth of some phytopathogenic fungus like M. oryzae points to a relevant role for HvCPI-2 in plant responses to pathogens, [ 47 ]. To check if the expression of HvIcy-2 was up-regulated upon biotic stresses, elicitors known to activate plant defense mechanisms against bacterial and fungal were selected [ 49 ]. For bacterial response treatments, the elicitor flg22, a sequence of 22-amino acid of the conserved N-terminal portion of bacterial flagellin, was tested.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cDNAs were synthesized from 2 μg of RNA using High Reverse Transcription kit (Applied Biosystems) following the manufacturer’s instructions. RT-qPCR analyses were performed using the SYBR Green detection system and expression levels of the M. oryzae small subunit of ribosomal RNA ( Mo28S-rRNA ) were quantified as described in [ 49 ]. Quantification was standardized to barley cyclophilin ( HvCycl gene) mRNA levels following [ 12 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential response of silencing HvIcy2 barley plants against Magnaporthe oryzae infection and light deprivation

et al. 2018

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BackgroundPhytocystatins (PhyCys) act as endogenous regulators of cysteine proteases (CysProt) involved in various physiological processes. Besides, PhyCys are involved in plant reactions to abiotic stresses like drought or darkness and have been used as effective molecules against different pests and pathogens. The barley PhyCys-CysProt system is considered a model of protease-inhibitor regulation of protein turnover. Thirteen barley cystatins (HvCPI-1 to HvCPI-13) have been previously identified and characterized. Among them HvCPI-2 has been shown to have a relevant role in plant responses to pathogens and pests, as well as in the plant response to drought.ResultsThe present work explores the multiple role of this barley PhyCys in response to both, biotic and abiotic stresses, focusing on the impact of silencing this gene. HvIcy-2 silencing lines behave differentially against the phytopathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and a light deprivation treatment. The induced expression of HvIcy-2 by the fungal stress correlated to a higher susceptibility of silencing HvIcy-2 plants. In contrast, a reduction in the expression of HvIcy-2 and in the cathepsin-L and -B like activities in the silencing HvIcy-2 plants was not accompanied by apparent phenotypical differences with control plants in response to light deprivation.ConclusionThese results highlight the specificity of PhyCys in the responses to diverse external prompts as well as the complexity of the regulatory events leading to the response to a particular stress. The mechanism of regulation of these stress responses seems to be focused in maintaining the balance of CysProt and PhyCys levels, which is crucial for the modulation of physiological processes induced by biotic or abiotic stresses.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1560-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential response of silencing HvIcy2 barley plants against Magnaporthe oryzae infection and light deprivation

et al. 2018

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“…Besides, drought increases the improved nutritional value of tomato leaves by accumulating free amino acid and sugars, and altering hormonal balance ( Ximénez-Embún et al, 2016 , 2017b ). In transgenic barley plants overexpressing the cysteine protease HvPap-1, a higher susceptibility to T. urticae correlated with a higher induction of protease inhibitors ( Diaz-Mendoza et al, 2017 ). These findings suggest a mixed scenario where mite performance depends on an optimal balance of nutrients in the plant and its adaptation to plant defense compounds ( Gutbrodt et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Barley is a host of the spider mite T. urticae ( Diaz-Mendoza et al, 2017 ). As well as for drought stress, the economic importance of the spider mite on agriculture is expected to increase due to climate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dehydration Stress Contributes to the Enhancement of Plant Defense Response and Mite Performance on Barley

2018

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Under natural conditions, plants suffer different stresses simultaneously or in a sequential way. At present, the combined effect of biotic and abiotic stressors is one of the most important threats to crop production. Understanding how plants deal with the panoply of potential stresses affecting them is crucial to develop biotechnological tools to protect plants. As well as for drought stress, the economic importance of the spider mite on agriculture is expected to increase due to climate change. Barley is a host of the polyphagous spider mite Tetranychus urticae and drought produces important yield losses. To obtain insights on the combined effect of drought and mite stresses on the defensive response of this cereal, we have analyzed the transcriptomic responses of barley plants subjected to dehydration (water-deficit) treatment, spider mite attack, or to the combined dehydration-spider mite stress. The expression patterns of mite-induced responsive genes included many jasmonic acid responsive genes and were quickly induced. In contrast, genes related to dehydration tolerance were later up-regulated. Besides, a higher up-regulation of mite-induced defenses was showed by the combined dehydration and mite treatment than by the individual mite stress. On the other hand, the performance of the mite in dehydration stressed and well-watered plants was tested. Despite the stronger defensive response in plants that suffer dehydration and mite stresses, the spider mite demonstrates a better performance under dehydration condition than in well-watered plants. These results highlight the complexity of the regulatory events leading to the response to a combination of stresses and emphasize the difficulties to predict their consequences on crop production.

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“…Quantification was standardized to barley cyclophilin ( HvCycl ) mRNA levels. Results for expression studies of the HvIcy6 and T. urticae Ribosomal Protein 49 ( TuRp49 ) genes are shown as relative expression levels (2 −dCt ) [ 36 ]. Expression levels of TuRp49 were quantified by subtracting the dCt value of the barley cyclophilin from the dCt value of the mite probe to normalize for the amount of barley tissue present in each sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of HvIcy6 in Barley Enhances Resistance against Tetranychus urticae and Entails Partial Transcriptomic Reprogramming

Santamaría

Díaz-Mendoza

Perez-Herguedas

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Cystatins have been largely used for pest control against phytophagous species. However, cystatins have not been commonly overexpressed in its cognate plant species to test their pesticide capacity. Since the inhibitory role of barley HvCPI-6 cystatin against the phytophagous mite Tetranychus urticae has been previously demonstrated, the purpose of our study was to determine if barley transgenic lines overexpressing its own HvIcy6 gene were more resistant against this phytophagous infestation. Besides, a transcriptomic analysis was done to find differential expressed genes among wild-type and transformed barley plants. Barley plants overexpressing HvIcy6 cystatin gene remained less susceptible to T. urticae attack when compared to wild-type plants, with a significant lesser foliar damaged area and a lower presence of the mite. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a certain reprogramming of cellular metabolism and a lower expression of several genes related to photosynthetic activity. Therefore, although caution should be taken to discard potential deleterious pleiotropic effects, cystatins may be used as transgenes with impact on agricultural crops by conferring enhanced levels of resistance to phytophagous pests.

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HvPap-1 C1A Protease Participates Differentially in the Barley Response to a Pathogen and an Herbivore

Cited by 13 publications

References 83 publications

Differential response of silencing HvIcy2 barley plants against Magnaporthe oryzae infection and light deprivation

Differential response of silencing HvIcy2 barley plants against Magnaporthe oryzae infection and light deprivation

Dehydration Stress Contributes to the Enhancement of Plant Defense Response and Mite Performance on Barley

Overexpression of HvIcy6 in Barley Enhances Resistance against Tetranychus urticae and Entails Partial Transcriptomic Reprogramming

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