Hyaluronic acid-based nanofibers: Electrospun synthesis and their medical applications; recent developments and future perspective

Abstract

Hyaluronan is a biodegradable, biopolymer that represents a major part of the extracellular matrix and has the potential to be fabricated in a fibrous form conjugated with other polymers via electrospinning. Unique physicochemical features such as viscoelasticity, conductivity, and biological activity mainly affected by molecular weight attracted the attention of biomedical researchers to utilize hyaluronan for designing novel HA-based nano-devices. Particularly HA-based nanofibers get focused on a diverse range of applications in medical like tissue implants for regeneration of damaged tissue or organ repair, wound dressings, and drug delivery carriers to treat various disorders. Currently, electrospinning represents an effective available method for designing highly porous, 3D, HA-based nanofibers with features similar to that of the extra-cellular matrix making them a promising candidate for designing advanced regenerative medicines. This review highlights the structural and physicochemical features of HA, recently cited protocols in literature for HA production via microbial fermentation with particular focus on electrospun fabrication of HA-based nanofibers and parameters affecting its synthesis, current progress in medical applications of these electrospun HA-based nanofibers, their limitations and future perspective about the potential of these HA-based nanofibers in medical field.

Marine Biomaterials: Hyaluronan

“…Hyaluronan-based scaffolds can be produced by a variety of methods, including electrospinning [ 154 ], phase separation, bioprinting [ 155 ], supercritical fluid technology, porogen leaching, centrifugal casting, freeze-drying, micro-pattering, and cross-linking techniques. These methods allow for the creation of scaffolds with varying pore sizes, shapes, and mechanical properties, which can be tailored to specific applications.…”

Eflornithine Hydrochloride-Loaded Electrospun Nanofibers as a Potential Face Mask for Hirsutism Application

“…HA is a versatile natural biopolymer that has been electrospun in combination with other polymers due to its high viscosity and high surface tension in aqueous solutions resulting from long electrostatic interactions and intramolecular hydrogen bonds [ 29 ]. Nanofibers prepared by HA have been widely used in a variety of applications, such as in wound healing, as scaffolds, in drug delivery systems, and in cosmetics applications such as facial moisturizers due to their unique properties, such as the resemblance to the ECM and its biodegradability and biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, viscosity, and nonallergic features [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. It has been reported previously that nanofibers prepared from PVA combined with HA exhibit mechanical properties, which were measured with the Young’s modulus, elongation at break (%), and maximum displacement as 70.31 ± 5.53 Mpa, 10 ± 0.10%, and 2.5 mm, respectively [ 34 ].…”

Intravenous Injection of Sodium Hyaluronate Diminishes Basal Inflammatory Gene Expression in Equine Skeletal Muscle

“…The underlying mechanism of action of the GAG may include the suppression of the Toll-like receptor-nuclear factor kappa B (TLR-NFkB) signaling axis in macrophages and neutrophils, thus preventing inflammatory cytokine production [3][4][5]. Recent discoveries with nanoparticles embedded with HA and biomaterials constructed from HA polymers offer promise as soft-tissue repair aids that may translate to chemotherapeutic approaches for cancer cell targeting [6]. Xenografts of bovine bone devoid of donor cells and growth factors demonstrate improved host osteoblast viability and migration, as well as augmented angiogenic properties, following surface coating of the engraftment material with HA [7,8].…”