Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis: innovations in injection therapy. A review

Abstract

The review briefly presents modern understanding heterogeneity of osteoarthritis (OA) which is based on pathophysiological features of its variants. The concept of the phenotypes and endotypes of OA reflects these differences. In clinical recommendations description the emphasis on the place of hyaluronic acid is made. The mechanisms of action of sodium hyaluronate with different molecular mass are studied in detail. The results of foreign and Russian studies on efficacy and safety of different forms of hyaluronic acid are given. Personalized treatment of patients with different phenotypes of OA is shown by an example of a line of Flexotron series.