Hyaluronic acid incorporation into nanoemulsions containing Pterodon pubescens Benth. Fruit oil for topical drug delivery

Formulation and Characterization of Nanoemulsion Incorporating Chamomilla recutita L. Extract Stabilized with Hyaluronic Acid

“…Studies have indicated that pH values close to neutrality (≈6-7) promote an increase in zeta potential in emulsions containing HA. This occurs through the deprotonation of carboxyl (-COO-) and hydroxyl (OH-) groups in the molecular structure of HA, imparting a negative charge to the oil-water interface [14,44,45], consistent with the findings of this study.…”

“…In general, most nanoemulsions without HA exhibited a narrower size distribution. The increase in droplet diameter and PDI in the presence of HA can be attributed to the presence of HA chains at the interface of the oil droplets and the formation of surfactant–HA aggregates on the interfacial surface of the droplet [ 14 ]. Despite the increase in PDI, the values remained below 0.3, which is considered a narrow distribution and indicates homogeneous droplets [ 19 , 39 ].…”

“…Although coalescence is an unfavorable phenomenon for emulsifier systems and occurs in formulations with high PDI, it is important to note that PDI is only one of the general factors that influence stability. Therefore, despite the increase in PDI, HA also increased viscosity, reducing Brownian movement and collision between droplets and consequently protecting the coalescence system [ 14 ].…”

“…In the second stage, the pre-emulsion was dripped into an aqueous phase consisting of a surfactant agent (Cremophor RH 40) and 0.1 M saline solution, as outlined in Table 1 , using a high-speed shearing device at 9000 rpm for 300 s. Hyaluronic acid was subsequently introduced, and stirring was continued for 2 h at room temperature (25 °C) employing a magnetic stirrer [ 14 ]. The control formulation followed identical procedures but omitted the incorporation of C. recutita extract into the pre-emulsion.…”

Recent progress in micro and nano-encapsulation of bioactive derivatives of the Brazilian genus Pterodon

“…In the search for an efficient topical application system, the incorporation of hyaluronic acid in NE with P. pubescens fruit extract-loaded was also evaluated and showed an improvement of rheological properties. The addition of the cross-linked biomaterial resulted in increased viscosity and stability, which might facilitate topical applications [ 141 ].…”