Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid Mode-Adaptive Controls

Abstract

The lack of inertial response at microgrids is usually compensated by coniguring primary controllers of converter-interfaced devices to contribute in the transient response under power disturbances. The main purpose of this chapter is to study the modes of operation of primary level techniques of generation, storage, loads, and other devices atached to hybrid ac/dc microgrids. Although the chapter includes an analysis of the modes of operation of lower-level regulators, the focus is on upper-level or primary controllers.In this context, we analyze mode-adaptive controls based on voltage and frequency levels and we evaluate their behavior by simulation in the Matlab/Simulink ® environment. The results demonstrate that mode-adaptive techniques are adequate for maximizing the energy extracted by distributed generation (DG) systems and limit demand side management actuations while ensuring an adequate regulation of the microgrid.

Autonomous power supply technology in term of natural and technogenic disasters

“…Autonomous power supply technology is widely known such a concept as an autonomous or decentralized consumer's power supply system. In this case, a stand-alone power system (SAPS or SPS), also known as remote area power supply (RAPS) [5,6], or, in other words, Autonomous Electric Energy Systems [7] or Autonomous Energy Grid [8] are used. This technology is an operation an off-the-grid electricity system for locations that are not fitted with an electricity distribution system.…”

“…The using of biogas obtained from renewable raw materials by processing methods fermentation of domestic waste, poultry and livestock waste, sewage allows to significantly reduce the use of fossil organic fuels and carbon dioxide emissions. To meet the current fuel consumption standards efficiency is possible due to the complication of gas turbine cycles, by using binary, contact, cogeneration technologies [8]. In addition, in the context of eliminating the consequences of disasters, the use of biogas, taking into account the energy shortage, has a significant advantage over other types of power sources.…”

“…The specific nature of the region is high seismic and volcanic activity. This is especially characteristic of the Kuril Islands, where 36 active volcanoes are located and earthquakes quite often occur [8]. The duration of the cold period is about 140-200 days.…”

“…For example, the Sakhalin Region, located in the Russian Far East, is often exposed to seismic impacts, cyclones and other atmospheric incidents [8]. Sakhalin region -the country's only island region located on 87 islands, and includes the island of Sakhalin with adjoining territories islands: Houches Island, Zenkovich Island, Moneron Island, Tyuleniy Island, etc., and two Kuril islands (Big and Small) [8]. The climate of the region is mainly formed under the influence of the Asian continent and the Pacific Ocean.…”

“…The coldest and warmest place on Sakhalin is the central part of the Tym'-Poronayskaya lowland, where the absolute minimum of air temperature reached -50ºС, and the absolute maximum is + 35ºС. The annual amount of precipitation is 500 ÷ 1000 millimeters [8].…”