Hybrid alginate–copper sulfate textile coating for coronavirus inactivation

Abstract

The spread of the new human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has become a global health issue, causing millions of deaths due to complications associated with infections in the respiratory tract. 1 Person-to-person aerial transmission mechanism 2 places the use of masks among the three most important recommendations to contain the spread of COVID-19, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, along with social distancing and sanitation of hands and objects. A recent study suggests that masks could reduce disease severity since they can reduce viral load. 3 Surgery and homemade masks are employed worldwide due to their higher availability and lower price. However, they are prone to rapid contamination due to breathing, manipulation, and interpersonal contact. Virucidal coatings could be applied to the mask surface, enhancing both protection and durability.Several studies have shown the antimicrobial activity of metallic elements, including those from the copper group. 4 Tremiliosi and coworkers reported silver-nanoparticle-based coatings' capability to inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2

Fabrication of air filters with advanced filtration performance for removal of viral aerosols and control the spread of COVID-19

“… Particulate matter Chitosan/ poly(methylmethacrylate)/polydimethylsiloxane [ 64 ] 99.3% filtration efficacy for NaCl, and 99.4% for DEHS aerosol (Diisooctyl sebacate) Diisooctyl sebacate aerosol N-halamine/ poly(vinyl alcohol)/ chitosan [ 65 ] In 3 h of operating, 80.1% bioaerosol was removed B. subtilis and E. coli Chitosan/ polypropylene [ 66 ] After 120 min, the survival rate of microorganisms on pristine nylon, nylon/chitosan, as well as chitosan dipped nylon-6 nano-fibrous filters decreased to 8.4%, 7.1%, and 2.8%. E. coli and B. subtilis Nylon/chitosan [ 68 ] 99.69% efficiency for particulate matter 2.5 and 99.89% removal efficiency for particulate matter 10 Particulate matters Cholinium alginate [ 69 ] 94.92 and 96.94% inactivation Bacteriophage phi 6 and SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant Calcium alginate films [ 70 ] 99.99% effectiveness toward coronavirus, with low cytotoxicity Coronavirus Alginate/copper sulfate [ 71 ] 95% efficiency to capture aerosols Aerosols Gelatin/β–cyclodextrin [ 72 ] Capture effectiveness of modified HEPA filter was up to 2730 pfu/mm 2 within 10 min. Influenza virus Polypropylene/ tannic acid [ 73 ] 95% efficiency of filtration for particulate matter 0.3 Particulate matter Soy protein isolate/polymide-6/Ag [ 74 ] 99.99% filtration effectiveness as well as 99.98% antimicrobial performance Staphylococcus epidermidisS.…”

“…Many advantages of this study were employing low-cost materials, processed using modest methods to enable an easy scale-up of an efficient anti-viral coating. The prepared masks showed 99.99% effectiveness toward coronavirus, with low cytotoxicity to L929 cells [ 70 ].…”

Nanostructures for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2: A Review

“…The results indicated that fabricated masks demonstrate good biocompatibility and antibacterial and as well as antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (with a 55% inhibition of the virus replication after 48 h). Bataglioli et al 139 performed viral inhibition and cytotoxicity assays of alginate-copper hybrid coatings on disposable PP masks. Results showed that hybrid coatings of alginate-copper presented around a 7 log inhibition against SARS-CoV-2, which represents 99.99% efficiency with a low toxicity of L299 cells.…”

Development of Environmentally Friendly Biocidal Coatings Based on Water-soluble Copolymers for Air-cleaning Filters

“… 8 − 12 Copper nanoparticles have also been extensively studied as antimicrobial agents on air filters, 13 in the form of copper oxide (CuO) 14 , 15 or in the form of copper sulfate. 16 , 17 …”

“…Among the different approaches, modification of existing filter technologies with broad-range biocides such as metal ions, biopolymers, and carbon-based nanomaterials has been widely investigated. − The most widely used antimicrobial is silver, which has been incorporated in or coated on filters, in a wide range of forms. − Copper nanoparticles have also been extensively studied as antimicrobial agents on air filters, in the form of copper oxide (CuO) , or in the form of copper sulfate. , …”