Hybrid Battery Thermal Management System in Electrical Vehicles: A Review

Zhao, Chunyu; Zhang, Beile; Zheng, Yuqi; Huang, Shunyuan; Yan, Tongtong; Liu, Xiufang

doi:10.3390/en13236257

Cited by 85 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Generally, BTMS can be categorized into internal and external systems and according to the used cooling medium. External systems remove the generated heat from the battery surface in different forms and geometries [9,10,76]. External BTMS using air cooling is the most traditional approach, studied intensively, and is widely adopted in commercial applications.…”

Section: Thermal Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature, Ageing and Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries

2021

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Heat generation and therefore thermal transport plays a critical role in ensuring performance, ageing and safety for lithium-ion batteries (LIB). Increased battery temperature is the most important ageing accelerator. Understanding and managing temperature and ageing for batteries in operation is thus a multiscale challenge, ranging from the micro/nanoscale within the single material layers to large, integrated LIB packs. This paper includes an extended literature survey of experimental studies on commercial cells investigating the capacity and performance degradation of LIB. It compares the degradation behavior in terms of the influence of operating conditions for different chemistries and cell sizes. A simple thermal model for linking some of these parameters together is presented as well. While the temperature appears to have a large impact on ageing acceleration above room temperature during cycling for all studied cells, the effect of SOC and C rate appear to be rather cell dependent.Through the application of new simulations, it is shown that during cell testing, the actual cell temperature can deviate severely from the reported temperature depending on the thermal management during testing and C rate. It is shown, that the battery lifetime reduction at high C rates can be for large parts due to an increase in temperature especially for high energy cells and poor cooling during cycling studies. Measuring and reporting the actual battery (surface) temperature allow for a proper interpretation of results and transferring results from laboratory experiments to real applications.

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Section: Thermal Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature, Ageing and Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries

2021

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“…Generally, active systems have a better heat dissipation capacity, at the cost of increased complexity. PCM-based passive systems are generally used with the aim of improved temperature uniformity, while HP-based systems for their very high thermal conductivity and quick response [55].…”

Section: Battery Thermal Management Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to an aircooling system, 2-3 times less energy is needed to maintain the same average temperature of the batteries [69]. The disadvantages are the increased complexity, added weight, extra costs, rigidity of the structure [55,70]. Moreover, a significant additional power is required [65]); (b) Z-type 2D (adapted from source [65]); (c) U-type 2D (adapted from source [65]); (d) I-type 2D (adapted from source [65]); (e) Z-type with two parallel plates (adapted from source [66]).…”

Section: Liquid-based Btmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to an aircooling system, 2-3 times less energy is needed to maintain the same average temperature of the batteries [69]. The disadvantages are the increased complexity, added weight, extra costs, rigidity of the structure [55,70]. Moreover, a significant additional power is required to circulate the fluid at the desired flow rate, increasing the overall energy consumption of the vehicle [71].…”

Section: Liquid-based Btmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hybrid BTMSs usually combine active and passive methods, with the aim of enhancing the heat transfer process of passive systems and offering the possibility to actively control their working process. In general, PCMs are used for a better temperature uniformity and the active system reduces the risk of heat saturation, while HPs are used for their high thermal conductivity which significantly improves local heat transfer and the active system enhances the heat release at the condensation section [55]. Although forced air can be successfully implemented as the active system for lower thermal load systems, liquid cooling offers higher efficiency.…”

Section: Hybrid Btmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Battery Thermal Management Systems: Current Status and Design Approach of Cooling Technologies

Buidin

Mariașiu

2021

Energies

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In the current context of transition from the powertrains of cars equipped with internal combustion engines to powertrains based on electricity, there is a need to intensify studies and research related to the command-and-control systems of electric vehicles. One of the important systems in the construction of an electric vehicle is the thermal management system of the battery with the role of optimizing the operation of the battery in terms of performance and life. The article aims to critically analyze the studies and research conducted so far related to the type, design and operating principles of battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) used in the construction of various shaped Li-ion batteries, with focus on cooling technologies. The advantages and disadvantages of the individual components, as well as of the proposed BTM solutions, are extensively investigated, with regard also to the adaptability of these systems to the different Li-ion battery shapes. The information thus synthesized provides the necessary and important information and proposes future directions in research to those interested in this topic to be used to increase the efficiency of the thermal management systems of the battery (and with it the global efficiency of the electric vehicle).

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Simulation Study on Thermal Performance of an Indirect Boiling Cooling Cylindrical Battery System with Two‐Phase Coolant R141b

Tang,

Ji,

Sun

et al. 2023

Energy Tech

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In this study, a novel indirect boiling cooling battery thermal management system with two‐phase coolant R141b is proposed for the commercial cylindrical lithium‐ion battery pack. The heat conduction blocks are used to enlarge the heat transfer area between batteries and straight round tubes, and the R141b coolant flows and boils inside tubes to remove heat generated from batteries. Three‐dimensional simulation models are built and used to study the influence of partial structural parameters (height of heat conduction blocks, number and diameter of round tubes), the flow pattern layout, the coolant flow rate, and the battery discharge rate on the cooling performance of BTMS. The results show that the cross‐flow layout significantly improves the temperature uniformity of the batteries, with the maximum temperature difference reduced by 30% compared to the concurrent flow. Meanwhile, the appropriate geometrical parameters can further improve both cooling capacity of the BTMS and the temperature uniformity of the batteries. When the optimized structure with a coolant flow rate of 0.1 L min−1 under the cross‐flow layout, the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of batteries discharged at 2C reduced to 38.6 and 3.81°C, which are 97% and 64% of those in the concurrent flow, respectively.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Hybrid Battery Thermal Management System in Electrical Vehicles: A Review

Cited by 85 publications

References 77 publications

Temperature, Ageing and Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Temperature, Ageing and Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Battery Thermal Management Systems: Current Status and Design Approach of Cooling Technologies

Simulation Study on Thermal Performance of an Indirect Boiling Cooling Cylindrical Battery System with Two‐Phase Coolant R141b

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