Hybrid Beamforming in 5G NR Networks Using Multi User Massive MIMO at FR2 Frequency Bands

Abstract

The current Sub 6 GHz band is highly occupied and unable to meet the demands of future wireless data traffic. As the millimeter wave technology is a promising way of enhancing the performance of next-generation wireless networks, it is essential to explore FR2 frequency bands. Massive Multiple-Input Multiple Output (mMIMO) technology has been introduced to improve the capacity and coverage of 5G wireless networks. Hybrid beamforming (HB) is an efficient technique to improve the channel gain and minimize the interference at reasonable complexity. The aim of HB in mMIMO systems is to maximize the sum rate that can approach the fully-digital beamforming system performance. Combination of mMIMO systems, mmWave, and HB techniques achieve higher data rates and cell coverage in 5G wireless networks. It mitigates the hardware complexity, energy consumption, and cost as number of required radio-frequency chains at base station gets minimized. In this paper, we have investigated the performance of a multi user-mMIMO HB system at 28, 39 GHz of FR2 frequency bands as well as at 66 GHz by analyzing the effect of changing variables that include the number of users, transmitting and receiving antennas, and the type of modulation. Simulation results include RMS values of error vector magnitude (EVM) that gives quantitative analysis and receive constellation of the equalized symbols that shows qualitative analysis. EVM is computed for different scenarios and it is used as an indicator of performance to assess the suitable design configuration of mMIMO system.

Joint MU-mMIMO-OFDM with Hybrid Beamforming System Spectral Efficiency Improvement based NOMA Technique

“…This section discusses existing work on employing the beamforming technique with mMIMO, MU-OFDM, and NOMA. Some existing works [5,7,9,19,24] concentrated on combining mMIMO with MU-OFDM; in such systems, a single RF chain could serve only a single user. In [5], a combination of MU-mMIMO, OFDM, mmWave, and HBF was used.…”

Performance Analysis of a Downlink mmWave Communication in an IRS-Based Large-scale MIMO Networks

“…[1], [2]. Since existing spectrum resources cannot meet increasing user demands, communication systems using higher frequency bands, called millimeter wave (mmWave) communication have been proposed [3], [4].…”

“…mmWave communication is a promising alternative technology by means of its advantages such as wide spectrum area of 30-300GHz, high SE, and high data rate, but it has a serious propagation path loss problem [4]- [7]. In addition, the small wavelengths of the mmWave frequency bands allow more antenna elements to be placed per unit physical area [8].…”

“…The hybrid beamforming (HB) technique has thus become an inherent part of the mmWave Ls-MIMO systems as it greatly reduces hardware cost and power consumption [4], [7], [10], minimizes inter-signal interference and also provides high SE [11], [12], but there is a serious performance degradation compared to the fully digital one. To compensate for the performance loss and to reduce the hardware cost further, index modulation (IM) based studies in [13] and [14] are proposed.…”

A Review of Radio Frequency Based Localisation for Aerial and Ground Robots with 5G Future Perspectives

“…In particular, the deployment of fifth-generation cellular networks (5G New Radio, or 5G for short) has opened up new possibilities for indoor localization due to their characteristics, such as high bandwidth, low latency, advanced beamforming techniques, and enhanced coverage [4,5,6]. Small cell technologies like femtocells and picocells further facilitate comprehensive indoor coverage.…”