Hybrid biocomposites based on polylactic acid and natural fillers from Chamaerops humilis dwarf palm and Posidonia oceanica leaves

Scaffaro, R.; Scaffaro, Roberto; Gammino, Michele

doi:10.1007/s42114-022-00534-y

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The poor performance of WF30 could be due to the phase separation observed between bone glue and wood flour showcased in Figure S19. The stiffness of the investigated animal glue composites was comparable to that of PLA composites filled with natural or waste fibers from other studies. − When mechanical properties are plotted relative to the density of the material, as shown in Figure a,b, it can be seen that while the specific tensile strength still remained statistically unvaried, other than in CT16.8 where an increase of 68% was observed, the specific modulus increased with the presence of fillers, particularly for concentrations above 15 wt %, reaching a maximum increase of 45% in CT16.8, followed by a rise of 36% in BF30. While the increase in specific modulus in CT16.8 is correlated to one of the highest decreases in density (29%, Table S4), the rise in BF30 is linked to the already high Young’s modulus, as the density only decreased by 13% (Table S4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Thermoprocessable Bio-waste-Based Composites from Animal Glue and Lignocellulosic Waste Fibers

Rech,

Nicholas,

Jakobsen

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Resour. Manage.

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This study exploited the use of byproducts from food production and other bio-waste to develop new thermoprocessable polymers and composites. In particular, the thermoprocessability of animal glue, a biopolymer extracted from the bones and skin of animals taken from the waste of meatpacking and tanning industries, was investigated. As animal glue alone does not exhibit thermoplasticity, its plasticization was explored using water as a temporary plasticizer and glycerol as a permanent plasticizer. Optimization showed that at least 30 wt % water was necessary to allow processing of the material, while excessive brittleness was suppressed with 10 wt % glycerol. As a result, the optimized composition provided a bio-based polymer material with Young's modulus of 2.43 GPa, which was thermoprocessable through compression molding at temperatures as low as 50 °C. Its use as a composite matrix was explored using different lignocellulosic waste fibers. In particular, wood flour and bark fibers from the forestry industry, cotton fibers from recycled blue jeans, and seagrass were used. Composites with differently pretreated fibers with sieving sizes ≤0.25 mm, ≤1 mm, and ≤4 mm, as well as fiber contents of 5 to 30 wt %, were prepared, which showed that the fiber size does not significantly affect either mechanical properties or volume shrinkage, yet it drastically affects the viscosity, which increases with the fiber sieving size; therefore a fiber size of ≤0.25 mm was kept for further investigations. Higher fiber content brought a 76% reduction in shrinkage as well as an increase in stiffness by 38% compared to the unfilled matrix. Lastly, melt extrusion 3D printing was utilized as a processing method for the composites with 5 wt % bark or cotton fibers, demonstrating the feasibility of processing these composites on a larger scale and through different thermoprocessing methods.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Thermoprocessable Bio-waste-Based Composites from Animal Glue and Lignocellulosic Waste Fibers

Rech,

Nicholas,

Jakobsen

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Resour. Manage.

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“…The intensity ratio of D band to G band (I D /I G ) evaluates the graphitic structure of MWCNT [26] . The peak observed at 1130 cm −1 in the case of MWCNT‐t could be attributed to the multiple defects like non‐cyclic configurations arising from the stretching of various carbon‐carbon bonds, including sp 2 ‐sp 2 , sp 3 ‐sp 3 , and sp 2 ‐sp 3 , small‐sized domains, curvature which depends on diameter of the MWCNT, and chemical moieties [27–28] . The defects can also be in the form of.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Functionalized CNT/Cyanate Ester Nanocomposites for Aerospace Structural Applications

et al. 2022

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Atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma treatment, a proven direct and dry means of surface modification, was deployed for the functionalization of carbon nanotube (CNT). AP plasma treatment successfully incorporated the functional groups such as À COOH and -NH 2 onto the surface of CNT without affecting its crystallinity. Reduction in tube diameter and increased purity through the removal of amorphous carbon were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman analysis. As a result of these surface chemistry and morphological changes induced by AP plasma treatment, the modified CNT-cyanate ester nanocomposite exhibited enhanced dispersion via reduced van-der Walls interaction. At optimum concentration of 0.1 wt% loading, the functionalized CNT with its high aspect ratio showed a well wetting behavior with cyanate ester (BADCy) matrix leading to remarkable increase in the mechanical properties like tensile, impact and flexural strengths and thus rendering them for potential aerospace structural applications.

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“…Polylactic acid or polylactide (PLA) shows promise as a polymer with many applications, since it is biodegradable, derived from renewable, natural resources and thus environmentally friendly 1–4 . PLA is versatile and has applications in electronics, biopharmaceuticals, packaging and as a matrix for some functional composites 5–7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferential formation of the stereocomplex crystals of poly(L‐lactide) and poly(D‐lactide) blend by epoxidized soybean oil under nonisothermal crystallization

Li,

Srithep,

Shen

et al. 2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Formation of stereocomplex crystals (SCs) in enantiomeric poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) and poly(D‐lactide) (PDLA) blends is an effective way to improve the heat resistance and mechanical performance of polylactide (PLA) products. However, obtaining PLAs with high stereocomplex content is not straightforward as the homocrystal and SCs occur simultaneously and compete with one another. In this work, various amounts of epoxidized soybean oil (SO) or SO at 3%–20% by weight were added to equal amounts of the stereoisomers (PLLA/PDLA; 50/50). From differential scanning calorimetry, it was found that epoxidized SO increased the crystallization temperature, facilitated the SC crystallization, and suppressed the homecrystal formation, whereas SO did not affect the crystallization behavior for the racemic blends. Moreover, epoxidized SO reduced the glass transition temperature, cold crystallization temperature, and melting temperature of the racemic blends. We examined how epoxidized SO affected the crystallization of PLLA/PDLA at cooling rates from 2 to 20°C/min. We discovered that epoxidized SO still encouraged SC crystallization. The activation energy, calculated from Takhor and Kissinger equations, indicated that adding 5 wt% epoxidized SO effectively promoted the crystallization and facilitated the SC formation of the PLLA/PDLA blend.

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Hybrid biocomposites based on polylactic acid and natural fillers from Chamaerops humilis dwarf palm and Posidonia oceanica leaves

Cited by 32 publications

References 50 publications

Thermoprocessable Bio-waste-Based Composites from Animal Glue and Lignocellulosic Waste Fibers

Thermoprocessable Bio-waste-Based Composites from Animal Glue and Lignocellulosic Waste Fibers

Plasma Functionalized CNT/Cyanate Ester Nanocomposites for Aerospace Structural Applications

Preferential formation of the stereocomplex crystals of poly(L‐lactide) and poly(D‐lactide) blend by epoxidized soybean oil under nonisothermal crystallization

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