Hybrid carbon nanoparticles modified core–shell silica: A high efficiency carbon-based phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography

Understanding and manipulating the separation in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography

“…Porous graphitic carbon (PGC) is potentially a suitable material due to its chemical and thermal stability and unique selectivity, which is different to that of silica. Carbon nanoparticles can alternatively be deposited on the surface of silica [18]. PGC is strongly hydrophobic and can give excessive retention in some cases, so various ligands have been bonded to the material to alter the surface polarity [19,20].…”

“…The method was based on the selection of pairs of test compounds which supposedly differed only in a single interaction mode, otherwise behaving identically, although it was acknowledged that finding such ideal pairs is virtually impossible. Solutes were also chosen so as to have low (19,20,21); bare silica phases (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) and zwitterionic phases (1)(2)(3)(4). The columns were further divided into 4 slightly different groups according to their main selectivity a) Cation exchange characterised by unmodified silica; b) anion exchange exhibited by amino phases; c) dipole-dipole and multipoint H bonding exhibited by polymeric sulfobetaine and poly(2-sulfoethylaspartamide) and d) low specific interactions, exhibited by diol and amide phases.…”

Analysis of monofluoroacetic acid in urine by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and preparation of the positive sample by the bioconversion from monofluoroacetamide to monofluoroacetic acid in vitro

“…Ion pair reagent in the mobile phase would present negative effects to MS measurements. Hydrophilic columns were reported to be good at separation of polar compounds without ion pair reagents [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Amide column, which behaves hydrophilic function for chromatographic separation, was introduced to separate FAcOH in urine in this study.…”

Carboxylated cyclofructan 6 as a hydrolytically stable high efficiency stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and mixed mode separations

“…4a), retention of toluene and uracil is reversed indicating that the column can also be used under reversed phase condition, similar to other mixed-mode stationary phases. 42,43 Compared with the previously reported benzoic acid PGC column, the core-shell silica based column shows higher efficiencies and better peak shapes than PGC.…”