Hybrid CFRP/titanium bolted joints: Performance assessment and application to a spacecraft payload adaptor

Direct joining of carbon-fiber–reinforced plastic to an aluminum alloy using friction lap joining

“…Adhesive bonding and mechanical fastening are conventional processes for joining plastic materials, including CFRTPs, to metals [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. However, these joining techniques have several drawbacks.…”

Characteristics and formation mechanism of porosities in CFRP during laser joining of CFRP and steel

“…Therefore, CFRP and metal are difficult to join using conventional welding methods. Nowadays, adhesive bonding [7][8][9][10] and mechanical joining such as bolt joining and self-piercing riveting [11] are the common methods for joining CFRP and metals. However, these joining methods have many inherent problems.…”

Hybrid Structures Consisting of Sheet Metal and Fibre Reinforced Plastics for Structural Automotive Applications

“…The use of these structures is restricted to high-priced vehicles on account of the long cycle times required in the complex manufacturing process, the high material costs and other challenges [23,24]. The competitiveness of these structures thus depends on bringing down the costs by optimising the technologies involved, so as to permit simple and robust manufacturing processes or shorter cycle and lead times [25].…”