The presented study outlines the fabrication of chitosan
(CS)-loaded
lanthanum iron oxide (LFO) nanoparticles (CS/LFO) via a simple auto-combustion
method combined with ultrasonication. The various prepared x CS/LFOs (x = 100, 200, 300, 400, and
500) were well analyzed with several characterization techniques.
The x CS/LFO-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE)
was then utilized for electrochemical tyramine detection. Additionally,
the obtained electrochemical response was also compared with the pure
constituents. Herein, the numerous electrochemical parameters including
the volume of electrocatalyst loaded, pH of solution, and accumulation
time were optimized so as to acquire the efficient detection. Under
optimum conditions, the 400 CS/LFO-modified GCE exhibited an impressive
electrochemical response for tyramine detection. The proposed electrochemical
sensor afforded a linear co-relation between the anodic peak current
and concentration of tyramine in the range of 0.02–100 μM
with the detection limits of 0.6158 μM or 615.8 nM (by the linear
sweep voltammetry method) and 0.5814 μM or 581.4 nM (by the
differential pulse voltammetry method). Furthermore, the prepared
400 CS/LFO was applied on the screen-printed electrode and its stability
was evaluated for a period of 30 days in order to develop a portable
electrochemical sensor. The constructed sensor displayed promising
stability, repeatability, and reproducibility for tyramine detection.
The real-time analysis capability of the introduced sensing platform
was evaluated via real sample analysis of various food products including
milk, beer, fish, meat, and yoghurt. The prepared sensor afforded
desirable recovery rates, demonstrating its practical utility.