Hybrid Electrocatalytic Nanocomposites Based on Carbon Nanotubes/Nickel Oxide/Nafion toward an Individual and Simultaneous Determination of Serotonin and Dopamine in Human Serum

Abstract

The design and development of facile, rapid, selective, and sensitive electroanalytical methods for the simultaneous determination of serotonin (ST) along with other interfering species are in huge demand. To address this, herein, we report an efficient electrochemical sensing platform for the individual and simultaneous determination of ST and dopamine (DA) in human serum. The sensing system was judicially constructed by hybrid electrocatalytic nanocomposites composed of carbon nanotubes/nickel oxide/carbon black/Nafion modified screen-printed carbon electrode (CNT-NiO-CB/Nafion/SPCE). The structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of the as-synthesized/fabricated materials and electrodes were thoroughly analyzed through appropriate instrumentations (scanning/transmission electron microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, etc.). Besides, the experimental parameters of electrochemical measurements, such as varying amounts (CNT-NiO-CB/Nafion), pH, conditioning potential, time, modulation amplitude, and step potential, have been carefully optimized. The as-fabricated newly designed sensor exhibits superior analytical performance such as wide linear range (0.06–7.50 µM ST and 0.08–6.00 µM DA), low limit detection of (11 nM ST and 11 nM DA), high reproducibility (RSD = 5.74% ST and 7.74% DA) indicating excellent selectivity, stability, sensitivity along with good recovery range.

A Carbon Black-Doped Chalcopyrite-Based Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide

“…Carbon black (CB) is a kind of carbon nanomaterial, which has the advantages of good conductivity, excellent dispersion ability and low cost. It has been used in combination with other materials to improve the conductivity and sensitivity for electrochemical sensors [32][33][34]. The electrochemical sensor based on pillar [5]arene dispersed in the CB layer on the surface of GCE appeared to be sensitive to quantitative detection of weak organic acids and native DNA [35].…”

A Carbon‐Black‐Doped Molybdenite‐Based Electrochemical Sensor for Simultaneous Determination of Uric Acid, Dopamine, and Ascorbic Acid

“…Carbon black (CB, a kind of carbon nanomaterials) combined with MLN should have higher specific surface area, dispersibility, excellent conductivity and electron transfer ability. Moreover, CB has the advantages of excellent conductivity, sphericity, good dispersion and low cost [30–32] . Therefore, there are some reports of using CB in combination with other materials to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical test.…”

“…Moreover, CB has the advantages of excellent conductivity, sphericity, good dispersion and low cost. [30][31][32] Therefore, there are some reports of using CB in combination with other materials to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical test. The combination of CB and graphene oxide (GO) modified electrode offers excellent conductivity and magnificent electrochemical activity for determination of UA.…”

Wiring Xanthine Oxidase Using an Osmium‐Complex‐Modified Polymer for Application in Biosensing.

“…[17][18][19] Electrochemical methods seem particularly well-suited for this application due to their sensitivity and relatively simple instrumentation, which can reduce costs and enable portable sensors. [20,21] For electro-chemical sensors to be specific toward one single analyte, an enzyme can be used as the biorecognition element. In this case, the sensor signal is generated from the catalytic activity of the enzyme, whose rate depends on the concentration of analyte present.…”

“…The determination of xanthine has been frequently applied to this end, using different analytical methods [17–19] . Electrochemical methods seem particularly well‐suited for this application due to their sensitivity and relatively simple instrumentation, which can reduce costs and enable portable sensors [20,21] . For electrochemical sensors to be specific toward one single analyte, an enzyme can be used as the biorecognition element.…”