Hybrid Enzymatic/Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics via Morphologically Programmable Light‐Driven ZnO Microrobots

Abstract

the microrobots (without H 2 O 2 ) and (ii) H 2 O 2 (without the microrobots) were also prepared. After the designated time intervals (2.5, 7.5, and 12.5 min) under the irradiation of a UV LED lamp (9 W) or under dark conditions, the solutions were centrifugated, and their absorbance were measured between 325 and 450 nm using JASCO V-750 UV-Vis spectrophotometer with a scan speed of 400 nm min −1 .

Smart micro- and nanorobots for water purification

“…The adsorber can be, in turn, coated by a shell of a photoresponsive material capable of undergoing one or multiple photodegradation pathways. If necessary, the robots’ surface can be further functionalized with enzymes to facilitate pollutants’ decomposition thereby boosting degradation efficiency 181 . Importantly, enzymes’ stability under exposure to light and photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) needs to be evaluated.…”

In vivoapplications of micro/nanorobots

“…66,67 In general, nearinfrared (NIR) light can provide both safety and considerable penetration depth to enable the configurable locomotion of micro/nanorobots in vivo. [68][69][70]…”

Chemical tunability of advanced materials used in the fabrication of micro/nanobots

“…[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] The metal oxides commonly used in MNBs include calcium carbonate, manganese oxide, iron oxides and zinc oxide. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Biomolecules such as enzymes have also been utilized as motors, for example catalase, glucose oxidase, urease, acetylcholinesterase, aldolase, laccase and lipase. [35][36][37][38] The cargo carrying segments comprise advanced materials including carbon nanotubes, mesoporous silica, graphene, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), liposomes and even biohybrid systems wherein a biological membrane/moiety encapsulates advanced nanomaterials for protection against immunological responses.…”

“…18–27 The metal oxides commonly used in MNBs include calcium carbonate, manganese oxide, iron oxides and zinc oxide. 28–34 Biomolecules such as enzymes have also been utilized as motors, for example catalase, glucose oxidase, urease, acetylcholinesterase, aldolase, laccase and lipase. 35–38…”