Hybrid Fiber Fabry–Perot Interferometer With Improved Refractometric Response

Rodríguez-Quiroz, Osvaldo; Domínguez-Flores, Carmen E.; Monzón-Hernández, David; Moreno-Hernández, Carlos

doi:10.1109/jlt.2019.2922836

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The interrogator was connected to a laptop computer where LabVIEW communication was implemented for the acquisition and real-time analysis of the signal. The optical signal is analyzed in the Fourier domain using the algorithm reported by Rodríguez-Quiroz et al 10 First, the fiber tip placed in front of the substrate was aligned to the center of the WG100. The optical and Fourier spectra obtained are shown in Figure 2(a) and (d), respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer for measuring the refractive index of waveguides inscribed in glass

Alonso Murias,

Saldaña Sánchez,

Vázquez

et al. 2023

European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors (EWOFS 2023)

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An extrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFFPI) is proposed and implemented for the characterization of waveguides inscribed by the femtosecond-laser direct writing technique. Various waveguides of 7.08 mm in length were inscribed in a soda-lime glass substrate by varying the laser scanning velocity in order to induce different refractive index (RI) changes. The measurement of the RI of the waveguide was carried out by means of an EFFPI formed between the end face of a multicore fiber (MCF) with seven coupled cores and the two polished surfaces of the inscribed waveguide. The end face of the MCF tip provided a broad beam and a wide effective area to ensure a large collection of the reflected light. The optical spectrum obtained by the interference of the multiple reflected beams was transformed to the Fourier domain and visualized in real-time. In the Fourier domain, the waveguides’ optical path length (OPL) was obtained and used to calculate its refractive index since its physical length was fixed and known. To obtain the value of the RI of the medium surrounding the waveguide, the fiber tip was displaced parallel to the polished surface, about 40 μm far from the center of the waveguide. The relative refractive index difference (Δn), which defines the light propagation and the insertion loss in a waveguide, was calculated for each waveguide inscribed at different velocities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer for measuring the refractive index of waveguides inscribed in glass

Alonso Murias,

Saldaña Sánchez,

Vázquez

et al. 2023

European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors (EWOFS 2023)

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“…When fiber tip facet was in contact with a Cargille oil with a RI higher than 1 , the contrast of the interference pattern increases. The amplitude of the peaks of the Fourier Transform (FT), calculated using the signal processing algorithm described in reference [29], is shown in Fig. 2(b).…”

Section: Fabrication and Characterization Of The Dffpimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calibration curve shown in Fig. 2 (c It has been demonstrated that RDFFPI is dependent on the reflectance of the end-face of the fiber tip interferometer, which can be modified by changing the RI of the fiber tip surrounding media [27][28][29]. This property was exploited to demonstrate DFFPI-based humidity sensors, by simply covering the fiber tip end-face with a material whose RI is dependent on the RH of the surrounding environment.…”

Section: Fabrication and Characterization Of The Dffpimentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Cavity Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometer Coated With SnO₂ for Relative Humidity and Temperature Sensing

et al. 2020

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1 environments, affecting the performance and durability of the sensors. Besides, the size of most of the electronic sensors, ranging from few to tens of millimeters, could limit their use. Some of these drawbacks are difficult to overcome and have opened the door to other technologies such as optical sensors. Among them those based on optical fiber technology have demonstrated a good capacity in dealing with these limitations. Other advantages of the fiber-optic sensors over their electronic counterparts are the high sensitivity, lightness, capability for multiplexing and remote sensing [6]. Furthermore, they are biocompatible, allowing them to be used in bio-medical sensing applications within the human body. In recent years, an important number of optical fiber sensors to measure RH have been proposed, in reflection and transmission configurations, based on the optical absorbance, fluorescence, or evanescent field interaction using longperiod gratings [7], fiber Bragg gratings [8], hetero-core fiber structures for multimode interference [9], coreexposed fiber [10], lossy mode resonances [11], fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometers [12], [13] and fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers (FFPI) [14]-[24]. Special attention has been paid to FFPI-based RH sensors since they are simple to fabricate, highly stables, and ultra-compact. An important number of high-performance RH sensors based on single and dual fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers (FFPI and DFFPI) has been proposed using single-mode [15], [16], microstructure [17], photonic crystal [18], four-holes suspended-core [19], or multimode [20] fibers. In these approaches fibers have been coated with RH-sensitive materials such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) [15], polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [18], optical adhesives [16], [19], [21], Nafion [20], and thin films of SnO2 [17], [24], Al2O3 [22], or TiO2/SiO2/TiO2 [23]. Some of these schemes were also capable to sense temperature simultaneously [17][18][19], however, both parameters were monitored by tracking the phase shift of the interference pattern. The analysis of the changes in the reflectance of the FFPI, due to changes in the RH of the surrounding environment, has been traditionally carried out in

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“…Interferometric refractometers have recently been reported with suitable capabilities for RI measurement. A hybrid device exploiting a capillary fiber sandwiched between two SMFs in a Fabry-Perot configuration and interrogated by a swept wavelength laser has been reported for wide RI sensing from 1.3924 -1.5882 RIU with a precision of 7x10 -4 RIU [6]. Fukano et al reported on a refractometer employing multimode interference in a hybrid sensor comprising an MMF sandwiched between two SMFs with detection performed using an optical spectrum analyzer [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Design of a Hybrid Optical Fiber Refractometer for Large Dynamic Range Measurements

et al. 2020

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A fiber refractometer with large dynamic range from 1.316 to 1.61 RIU has been realized using a hybrid configuration of a single-mode fiber (SMF) coupled to a stripped-cladding multimode fiber (MMF) as sensing element. An extended analysis of the diffraction principle of a Gaussian beam is specifically developed for this sensor configuration to determine the injected power density into the MMF which, when subsequently combined with ray optics, analytical wave optics and Fresnel equations, enables the sensor response to be comprehensively estimated. Simulation results have been experimentally corroborated to very high agreement for a 2-cm and a 5-cm decladded section of multimode fiber used as the sensing element. The results show, for the shorter sensor (2 cm), a very high sensitivity of ~-250 a.u./RIU being achieved in the Zone II operating regime, i.e. for indices between the cladding and core indices together with a resolution of 2.76×10-6 RIU being attained. In addition, the developed models have been used to accurately predict the response of sensing elements of various lengths, hence demonstrating the potential capability of this research to be exploited for optimizing bespoke design of fiber refractometers of any arbitrary sensing lengths or dimensions. As an example, we present the design of a refractometer achieving a maximum sensitivity of 300 a.u./RIU with a potential resolution of 2.26 ×10-6 RIU.

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Hybrid Fiber Fabry–Perot Interferometer With Improved Refractometric Response

Cited by 27 publications

References 32 publications

Extrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer for measuring the refractive index of waveguides inscribed in glass

Extrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer for measuring the refractive index of waveguides inscribed in glass

Dual-Cavity Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometer Coated With SnO₂ for Relative Humidity and Temperature Sensing

Analysis and Design of a Hybrid Optical Fiber Refractometer for Large Dynamic Range Measurements

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Hybrid Fiber Fabry–Perot Interferometer With Improved Refractometric Response

Cited by 27 publications

References 32 publications

Extrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer for measuring the refractive index of waveguides inscribed in glass

Extrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer for measuring the refractive index of waveguides inscribed in glass

Dual-Cavity Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometer Coated With SnO2 for Relative Humidity and Temperature Sensing

Analysis and Design of a Hybrid Optical Fiber Refractometer for Large Dynamic Range Measurements

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Product

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Dual-Cavity Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometer Coated With SnO₂ for Relative Humidity and Temperature Sensing