Hybrid flow modelling approach applied to automotive catalysts

Embedded One-Dimensional Orifice Elements for Slosh Load Calculations in Volume-Of-Fluid CFD

“…We now seek to expand the momentum conservation Equation (26) to describe both the bulk flow as well as orifice flow losses as per Equation (24). Consider an orifice with diameter D H and length L, as shown in Figure 3.…”

“…Ozhan [25] developed a subgrid pressure jump model for use in the development of automotive catalytic converters, replacing small monolithic substrates with a subgrid model coupled to the full solution of the Navier-Stokes equations in the diffuser and outlet nozzle. Porter [26] added to the work of Ozhan by resolving the full Navier-Stokes equations within the inlet section of the monolithic substrate channels while using the pressure loss model for the downstream section (where flow is fully developed). This allows the numerical model to capture the additional losses due to developing flow in the monolithic substrate channels.…”

“…In this work, we further the methodology of Ozhan [25] and Porter [26] for constant cross-sectional orifices. In our method, we propose to embed the orifice element as part of the mesh.…”

A new non-linear RANS model with enhanced near-wall treatment of turbulence anisotropy

“…The new model is applied to a system consisting of a planar diffuser with a monolith downstream. The confguration tested here is based on one of the cases investigated experimentally and numerically by Porter et al [73][74][75]. The geometry is presented in Figure 15.…”

“…The corresponding maximum y + value was 7.1. There are a number of methods for modelling the monolith [73][74][75]. The approach used here is to treat the monolith as a porous medium with a prescribed resistance to reduce the computational effort.…”