Exploring the chance
to convert biowaste into a valuable resource,
this study tests the potential role of humic acids (HA), a class of
multifunctional compounds obtained by oxidative decomposition of biomass,
as physical agents to improve gelatin’s mechanical and thermal
properties. To this purpose, gelatin–HA aqueous samples were
prepared at increasing HA content. HA/gelatin concentrations changed
in the range 2.67–26.67 (wt/wt)%. Multiple techniques were
employed to assess the influence of HA content on the gel properties
and to unveil the underlying mechanisms. HAs increased gel strength
up to a concentration of 13.33 (wt/wt)% and led to a weaker gel at
higher concentrations. FT-IR and DSC results proved that HAs can establish
noncovalent interactions through H-bonding with gelatin. Coagulation
phenomena occur because of HA–gelatin interactions, and at
concentrations greater than 13.33 (wt/wt)%, HAs established preferential
bonds with water molecules, preventing them from coordinating with
gelatin chains. These features were accompanied by a change in the
secondary structure of gelatin, which lost the triple helix structure
and exhibited an increase in the random coil conformation. Besides,
higher HA weight content caused swelling phenomena due to HA water
absorption, contributing to a weaker gel. The current findings may
be useful to enable a better control of gelatin structures modified
with composted biowaste, extending their exploitation for a large
set of technological applications.