Hybrid immunity

Crotty, Shane

doi:10.1126/science.abj2258

Cited by 264 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Though individually small, the combined interpretation of all these studies can be strong evidence in favour of such a strategy and it is being strongly recommended [19]. This concept of “hybrid immunity” induction is being explored in the context of vaccination post-natural infection [20]. The main concern in such a strategy would be whether it is sufficient for immunocompromised patients such as patients with AIRD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid immunity versus vaccine-induced immunity against SARS CoV2 in Patients with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases

Shenoy

Ahmed²,

Paul³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Introduction: Single-dose COVID-19 vaccines in healthy individuals with past COVID-19 infections seem to provide better immunity than double doses in COVID-19 unexposed individuals. However, it is not known whether the same is true for patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRD) who are on immunosuppressants. Methods: We identified 30 patients with AIRD who took a single dose of the ChAdOx1 vaccine post-COVID-19 infection. Age, sex and disease similar patients were enrolled in to three groups of 30 each who had (1) past infection with COVID-19 but no vaccine, (2) a single dose of ChAdOx1 and (3) double doses of ChAdOx1. Sera were collected from each patient approximately 30 days after last vaccine dose or since the onset of COVID19 symptoms (in the unvaccinated group). Antibodies to spike protein were estimated and virus neutralization potential of sera was tested. Results: Baseline characteristics including drug usage was similar betweenthe groups. Seroconversion occurred in 25(83%), 23(77%), 27(90%), and 30(100%) in natural infection, single-dose vaccine, double dose vaccine, and infection and single dose vaccine groups respectively. Mean antibody titres (10076.8 SD 8998) in the last group were at least 6-100x higher than in the other 3 groups. Also, the infection +vaccine group had the highest neutralization potential of 83.37 % as compared to 45.4% in the fully vaccinated group. Conclusion: The hybrid immunity with a single dose of the vector-based vaccine post-infection seems to be superior to double dosage of the vaccine in patients with AIRD. A universal vaccination strategy involving a single dose of vaccine for all individuals with previous COVID-19 infection seems to be effective in these patients also.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid immunity versus vaccine-induced immunity against SARS CoV2 in Patients with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases

Shenoy

Ahmed²,

Paul³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Individuals with immunity from natural infection and vaccination are said to have hybrid immunity. The combination of post-infection immunity and post-vaccination immunity results in antibody responses that are 25 to 100 times higher, improved memory B cell and CD4+ T cell responses, and better cross-protection against variants (7). SARS-CoV-2 infection in an individual with such hybrid immunity ought to be very rare, a severe infection even rarer still.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Reinfection With Delta Variant After Recovery From Breakthrough Infection by Alpha Variant in a Fully Vaccinated Health Worker

Shastri

Parikh

Aggarwal³

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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Background: Post infection immunity and post vaccination immunity both confer protection against COVID-19. However, there have been many whole genome sequencing proven reinfections and breakthrough infections. Both are most often mild and caused by Variants of Concern (VOC).Methods: The patient in our study underwent serial COVID-19 RT-PCR, blood tests for serology, acute phase reactants, and chest imaging as part of clinical care. We interviewed the patient for clinical history and retrieved reports and case papers. We retrieved stored RT-PCR positive samples for whole genome sequencing (WGS) of SARS-CoV-2 from the patient's breakthrough infections and the presumed index case.Findings: The patient had three RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. Two breakthrough infections occurred in quick succession with the first over 3 weeks after complete vaccination with COVISHIELD and despite post-vaccination seroconversion. The first breakthrough infection was due to the Alpha variant and the second due to the Delta variant. The Delta variant infection resulted in hypoxia, hospitalization, and illness lasting seven weeks. Serial serology, acute phase reactants, and chest imaging supported WGS in establishing distinct episodes of infection. WGS established a fully vaccinated family member as the index case.Interpretation: The patient had an Alpha variant breakthrough infection despite past infection, complete vaccination, and seroconversion. Despite boosting after this infection, the patient subsequently had a severe Delta variant breakthrough infection. This was also a WGS proven reinfection and, therefore, a case of breakthrough reinfection. The patient acquired the infection from a fully vaccinated family member.

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“…Much clinical, epidemiological, and basic science COVID-19 information is rapidly changing 15,[20][21][22] which will inform survey items on future attitudinal studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Four out of five (79.9%) Hispanic/Latino women who were pregnant were unvaccinated for COVID-19. 13 As the 62.1 million Hispanics constitute the largest minority in the US, 14 the objectives of this investigation were to extend upon past research 9,11 COVID-19 vaccine will make me infertile", selected based on research [15][16][17] and the extent of agreement was rated on a 100-point scale. There were six items targeting domains potentially related to vaccine hesitancy including sources of news, future presidential voting preference, vaccination status of others, and perceived ages where the COVID-19 vaccine benefits exceeded the risk.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiles of US Hispanics Unvaccinated for COVID-19

Piper

Sanchez

Madera

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted Hispanics in the US with increased rates of SARS-Cov2 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths. The objective of this report was to characterize the demographics and beliefs of unvaccinated Hispanics to help address their concerns that lead to vaccine hesitancy. Methods: Of 1,011 potential participants from a national online panel, 22.3% (N = 225, 51.6% female, age = 40.5) met inclusion criteria of Hispanic adults and not receiving at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The 30-item survey included items about demographics, political affiliations, sources of news (e.g., Fox vs. CNN), reasons for being unvaccinated, and ratings (0 = strongly disagree, 100 = strongly agree) of 10 controversial statements regarding COVID-19. Results: Over three-fifths (62.6%) identified side effects and safety concerns while almost one-third (30.5%) a lack of efficacy as their top reasons for being unvaccinated. Agreement to statement: The developers of the COVID-19 vaccine rushed the development and cut-corners, was rated highest (63.22) which was significantly (p < .001) higher than the other nine statements (e.g., The COVID-19 vaccine does not work). Many vaccine attitudes differed significantly by political party affiliation and some by gender and news source. Republicans (59.9 + 4.2) scored higher than Democrats (38.5 + 4.2, p < .001) to the statement: If I have already had COVID-19, I do not need the vaccine. Conclusions: This study identified heterogeneity in COVID-19 vaccine attitudes among Hispanics. Further research is needed to determine if the subgroups identified are differentially receptive to interventions to facilitate reconsideration of prior vaccination decisions.

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Hybrid immunity

Abstract: Hybrid immunity COVID-19 vaccine responses provide insights into how the immune system perceives threats Natural immunity Vaccine immunity Hybrid immunityMemory B cells Antibodies CD4 + T cells CD8 + T cells

Cited by 264 publications

References 14 publications

Hybrid immunity versus vaccine-induced immunity against SARS CoV2 in Patients with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases

Hybrid immunity versus vaccine-induced immunity against SARS CoV2 in Patients with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases

Severe SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Reinfection With Delta Variant After Recovery From Breakthrough Infection by Alpha Variant in a Fully Vaccinated Health Worker

Profiles of US Hispanics Unvaccinated for COVID-19

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