Hybrid Microgrid Model Based on Solar Photovoltaic Battery Fuel Cell System for Intermittent Load Applications

A Hybrid Energy Sharing Framework for Green Cellular Networks

“…, N }, (16) where Q P is the set of optimization variables (12) is now to minimize the net cost of energy of all BSs over all time slots. The constraint in (13) ensures that the total amounts of energies obtained from SG, other BSs via physical and virtual connections, and the battery is equal to the energy consumption of the BS. The constraint in (14) puts essential limits on the charge level of the BS batteries at all time slots.…”

“…, N }. 13: end procedure not possible. Hence, we remove the selected BS from the set E − as shown in line 6 and proceed to the next most energy deficient BS.…”

Evaluation of a Long Term System coupled with a Short Term System of a hydrogen-based microgrid

“…MPC Controller has been applied with satisfactory results in the hybridization of this type of microgrids in several papers, such as that carried out by Vahidi and Greenwell et al [16]. Patterson et al [17] explore solutions for microgrids with electrical vehicles. The optimal use of the microgrid requires the development of a controller which takes into account all the constraints, limitations, degradation issues and the economic cost of each system of the microgrid.…”

A Coordinated Control for Photovoltaic Generators and Energy Storages in Low-Voltage AC/DC Hybrid Microgrids under Islanded Mode

“…These DG units always possess a higher degree of controllability and operability compared to conventional generators [4][5][6]. Resulting from these features, a microgrid could play a critical role in maintaining the stability of the electrical networks [7][8][9]. Among various DGs, photovoltaic (PV) generator has emerged as major DG source in power grids [10].…”