Hybrid nanochannel membrane based on polymer/MOF for high-performance salinity gradient power generation

Improved osmotic energy conversion in heterogeneous membrane boosted by three-dimensional hydrogel interface

“…This nonlinear nanofluidic behavior allows unidirectional ion transport and thus could prohibit the flow of any current back into membrane during the energy conversion process, largely decreasing the dissipation of Gibbs free energy as Joule heat and ultimately enhancing the power generation 14,[24][25][26] . In the past years, diverse heterogeneous membranes including organic/organic, inorganic/inorganic, and organic/inorganic hybrid system have been constructed [27][28][29][30][31] . However, the reported system generally suffers from a relatively low ion transport efficiency in the interface (i.e., transition region in the junction of the two layers of membranes) caused by a mismatch of pore alignment and inappropriate coupling between channels of different dimensions, leading to economically unviable power densities.…”

Oppositely Charged Ti3C2Tx MXene Membranes with 2D Nanofluidic Channels for Osmotic Energy Harvesting

“…We consider that not only the MXM itself possesses good chemical stability but also the physical confinement with the epoxy used for fixing the MXM can increase the stability of the MXM tremendously, indicating the great potential in practical applications. Compared with various previously reported membrane‐based RED devices, the oppositely charged MXM exhibits both high output power density (4.6 W m −2 ) and high energy conversion efficiency (44.2 %), which considerably exceeds most of the state‐of‐art membranes (Figure d; Table S2).…”

“…The measured internal resistance of the MXM pairs is the lowest value ever reported 2D membranes, which is crucial for developing large‐scale RED osmotic energy harvesting . Owing to the high ion selectivities of N‐MXM and P‐MXM, the electrochemical energy conversion efficiency of the MXM pairs is as high as 44.2 % (Table S1), which is superior to the commercial ion exchange membranes and the recent reported state‐of‐art membranes . Importantly, the stability of the osmotic energy harvesting through the MXM‐pairs‐based nanofluidic devices were systematically investigated under the artificial seawater/river water salinity gradient.…”

“…The membrane was immersed in the testing solutions all the time, and before each measurement, the testing solutions were replenished. d) Power generation performance of MXM‐RED (red star) and the state‐of‐the‐art membrane‐based osmotic power generators . The dashed line indicates the target power density of the commercial benchmark.…”

Vertically Transported Graphene Oxide for High‐Performance Osmotic Energy Conversion

“…The nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis system (NREDS) was realized on many kinds of single pore model [8][9][10] , indicating great potential superior to conventional commercial materials. Towards practical application, the NREDS were widely studied in a variety of porous materials, including polymeric membranes 11,12 , inorganic carbon materials 13,14 , silicon-based materials 15 , aluminum oxide (AAO) template 16 , compound materials [17][18][19] and stacked 2D materials 20 . Up to now, the highest record by mixing seawater and river water is 4.1 W m -2 obtained in MXene/Kevlar nanofiber composite membranes 21 .…”