Hybrid Nanofibrous Composites with Anisotropic Mechanics and Architecture for Tendon/Ligament Repair and Regeneration

Abstract

Rupture of tendons and ligaments (T/L) is a major clinical challenge due to T/L possess anisotropic mechanical properties and hierarchical structures. Here, to imitate these characteristics, an approach is presented by fabricating hybrid nanofibrous composites. First, hybrid fiber‐reinforced yarns are fabricated via successively electrospinning poly(L‑lactide‑co‑ε‑caprolactone) (PLCL) and gelatin (Ge) nanofibers onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers to improve biodurability and biocompatibility. Then, by comparing different manufacturing methods, the knitted structure succeeds in simulating anisotropic mechanical properties, even being stronger than natural ligaments, and possessing comfort compliance superior to clinically used ligament advanced reinforcement system (LARS) ligament. Moreover, after inoculation with tendon‐derived stem cells and transplantation in vivo, hybrid nanofibrous composites are integrated with native tendons to guide surrounding tissue ingrowth due to the highly interconnected and porous structure. The knitted hybrid nanofibrous composites are also ligamentized and remodeled in vivo to promote tendon regeneration. Specifically, after the use of optimized anisotropic hybrid nanofibrous composites to repair tendon, the deposition of tendon‐associated extracellular matrix proteins is more significant. Thus, this study indicates a strategy of manufacturing anisotropic hybrid nanofibrous composites with superior mechanical properties and good histocompatibility for clinical reconstruction.

Bone Engineering Fluffy poly Lactide-co-glycolide/hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffold with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Promising Strategy for Bone Defects Repair

“…In present study, the good bone repair effect of the uffy PLGA/HA composite scaffold is attributable to multiple factors. Scaffold should resemble the properties of natural bone with su cient porous structures for cell proliferation [20]. Isenberg BC et al reviewed the material construction methods of different biomaterial scaffold and pointed out that the structural organization played an important role in the tissue function [21].…”

Application of Nanomaterials in Stem Cell‐Based Therapeutics for Cardiac Repair and Regeneration

“…[223,224] Therefore, there is urgent need for hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds with the characteristics of better biocompatibility and biodegradability than that of the individual materials. [225][226][227] Remarkably, among these strategies, CNTs scaffolds offer synthetic but suitable microenvironment for the stem cells, due to their exceptional attributes,and have gained considerable attention. [228] For example, CNTs were combined with the biocompatible polymer chitosan to construct and exploit a new scaffold with high mechanical strength, which was demonstrated to have better electrical conductivity.…”

Tailoring biomaterials for biomimetic organs-on-chips

“…By electrospinning poly( l -lactide- co -ε-caprolactone) and gelatin nanofibers onto fibrous polyethylene terephthalate, Li et al reported a nanofibrous composites with improved the biocompatibility, biodurability, and mechanical properties. 97 For organs-on-chips, the composite biomaterials tend to be blended as bioinks and then processed into scaffolds or chips with specific spatial structures by bioprinting techniques. As an example, Bhusal et al developed a composite bioink composed of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and methacrylate gelatin (GelMA) for manufacturing microfluidic chips from digital-light-processing (DLP)-based bioprinting, whose mechanical property could be adjusted by tuning the ratio of PEGDA and GelMA.…”