Hybrid Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer Past an Inclined Surface

Abstract

This paper examines the hybrid nanoparticles and the magnetic field impacts on the mixed convection boundary layer flow and heat transfer caused by an inclined shrinking–stretching surface in a hybrid nanofluid. Silver (Ag) is added into a MgO–water nanofluid to form Ag-MgO–water hybrid nanofluid. By making use of proper similarity transformations, the governing equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations. The problem is numerically solved with the help of the MATLAB function bvp4c. The influences of the chosen parameters on the temperature, velocity, heat transfer rate and the skin friction coefficient are addressed and graphically illustrated. The results show that increasing the magnetic parameter substantially improves the heat transfer rate and increases the skin friction coefficient. The findings also suggest that increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction φ2 (Ag) improves the skin friction coefficient while decreasing the heat transfer rate. For both stretching and shrinking instances, non-unique (dual) solutions are discovered. Only the first solution is stable, according to the temporal stability analysis of the dual solutions.

A numerical study of Ag − M gO/water hybrid micropolar nanofluid flow with effects of quadratic thermal radiant energy along an exponentially contracting permeable Riga surface: Stability and Entropy optimization

“…The solinit function of the syntax implies the initial mesh point and informed assumptions. Next, the function handle @OdeBC is coded with boundary conditions (13) and (14). The continuous solution's collocation formula is applied uniformly throughout the interval of integration by the bvp4c solver with fourth-order precision.…”

“…The effect of buoyancy force on the flow of a water/Ag − M gO hybrid nanofluid in an inclined porous stretching/contraction sheet was identified by Anuar et al [13]. In a hybrid nanofluid with an inclined contracting-stretching surface, Alabdulhadi et al [14] investigated the effects of hybrid nanoparticles and a magnetic field on the flow and heat transmission of the mixed convection boundary layer. They noticed that silver (Ag) dissolved in a MgO-water nanofluid is treated as a hybrid Ag-MgO-water nanofluid.…”

Exploration of Recent Developments of Hybrid Nanofluids

“…Their studies revealed that hybrid nanofluids perform better than nanofluids when the magnetic field is applied to both suspensions of particles in a base fluid. Alabdulhadi et al, [68] studied magnetohydrodynamics mixed convection flow of hybrid silver (Ag) and magnesium oxide (MgO) with water as a base fluid over a shrinking/stretching surface. In a similar study, hybrid Ag-MgO/water nanofluid boundary layer flow across an inclined expandable/contracting plate was studied by Anuar et al, [69] concerning the impacts of buoyancy force and suction effects, while Khan et al, [70] researched mixed convection stagnation point flow of an Ag-MgO/water past a vertical plate in a saturated porous medium with Buoyancy effect.…”

Thermal Transportation in Heat Generating and Chemically Reacting MHD Maxwell Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Past Inclined Stretching Porous Sheet in Porous Medium with Solar Radiation Effects

“…It was concluded that heat and boundary layer thickness greatly depend on radiation and variable density parametric effects. Alabdulhadi et al [26] addressed the thermal transportation of a hybrid nanofluid prepared by using silver-magnesium oxide suspended in water past the inclined stretching and shrinking sheet. They determined the dual solution to the problem.…”