Hybrid nanofluids flow and heat transfer in cavities: a technological review

Abstract

The urgent and indispensable need to develop new methods of enhancing heat transfer efficiency to improve energy devices’ performance cannot be overlooked in this era of green energy and sustainable technologies. Nanofluids research has proliferated in the past decade, and reports indicate that nanofluids can be used for heat transfer applications in engineering and in general and/or commercial industries. Nanofluid is the dispersion of nanoparticles with high thermal conductivity in common working fluids. Nevertheless, a growing area of research in recent years has involved using two or more nanoparticles in a base fluid, known as hybrid nanofluids. Studies showed that hybrid nanofluids exhibited better thermal and rheological characteristics than mono nanofluids. In addition, many researchers have reported on the thermal-fluid behaviours of nanofluids in comparison with hybrid nanofluids on natural convection in cavity flows. This review discusses hybrid nanofluids preparation, stability analysis and characterization, thermal properties, and heat transfer characteristics in cavities. Furthermore, hybrid nanofluids demonstrated better heat transfer characteristics than mono nanofluids or conventional fluids even as more research is needed in terms of hybrid nanofluids preparation, stability, characterization, and applications.

Sustainable nanomaterials' role in green supply chains and environmental sustainability

“…Several types of sustainable nanomaterials have been developed, each with applications in various industries that underscore their potential to contribute to sustainability:  Carbon-based Nanomaterials: Graphene and carbon nanotubes are renowned for their strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal properties. They are used in electronics, energy storage devices, and composite materials to reduce weight and improve efficiency (Li, Wang, Li, Feng, & Feng, 2019;T. O. Scott et al, 2022).…”

“…These materials are engineered at the nanoscale, where their unique properties are not merely a function of their composition but also of their size and shape (T. O. Scott, Ewim, & Eloka-Eboka, 2022). The sustainability of nanomaterials is determined by several factors, including their sourcing, which prioritizes renewable or abundant resources; their production, which employs green synthesis methods to reduce harmful emissions and waste; and their lifecycle, designed for reduced energy consumption and enhanced recyclability or biodegradability (Javaid, Haleem, Singh, & Suman, 2022;Mukherjee & Pradeep, 2023;Zhang, Poon, Masonsong, Ramaswamy, & Singh, 2023).…”

Predicting the accuracy of nanofluid heat transfer coefficient's computational fluid dynamics simulations using neural networks

“…These fluids, where the nanoparticles are submerged, are called base fluids. These colloids are preferentially suspended stably and uniformly for greater potency of the nanofluids 2–8 …”

“…These colloids are preferentially suspended stably and uniformly for greater potency of the nanofluids. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] A nanofluid model is a representation of the behavior of nanofluids. This can be in terms of their flow and heat transfer properties.…”

Stability and Thermophysical Properties of GNP-Fe2O3 Hybrid Nanofluid: Effect of Volume Fraction and Temperature

“…A wide variety of other studies [ 7 , 8 , 9 ] on the thermophysical properties of graphene and other nanomaterials have been conducted. However, in recent years, a new form of nanofluid which comprises two or more different nanomaterials was created in a bid to improve the thermophysical properties and save costs [ 10 , 11 ]. These nanofluids are known as hybrid nanofluids.…”