Hybrid Nanoparticles Based on Organized Protein Immobilization on Fullerenes

Abstract

Nanoscale carbon materials (i.e., fullerenes and nanotubes) are an attractive platform for applications in biotransformations and biosensors. The interesting properties displayed by nanoparticles demand new strategies for the manipulation of these materials on the nanoscale. Controlled modification of their surface with biomolecules is required to fully realize their potential in bionanotechnology. In this work, immobilization of a fullerene derivative with a mutant subtilisin is demonstrated, and the effect of the fullerene on the protein activity is determined. The fullerene-conjugated enzyme had improved catalytic properties in comparison to subtilisin immobilized on nonporous silica. Further, the pH profile of free and fullerene-conjugated subtilisin were almost identical.

Biomolecular Assembly of Gold Nanocrystals

“…Under these conditions, both nanocrystals and biomolecules may retain at least some of their properties and/or bioactivity. In addition to conventional nanocrystals, some researchers have extended their work into fullerene materials, polymers, and protein/DNA conjugates [116][117][118][119]. In an interesting example, Mann and coworkers biotinylated horse spleen ferritin, a protein that contains a nanocrystal of ferric oxide approximately 5 nm in diameter [118].…”

Fullerene‐based Electrochemical Detection Methods for Biosensing

“…4.18). Covalent bonding of fullerene onto proteins has significant advantages over direct [75].) immobilization on nonporous silica or similar matrices [75].…”

“…Covalent bonding of fullerene onto proteins has significant advantages over direct [75].) immobilization on nonporous silica or similar matrices [75]. The small size of the C 60 molecule makes the active site of the enzyme accessible to the substrate, and thus there is no diffusional limitation for the substrate to reach the active site imposed by the C 60 surface.…”

Electrochemical Biosensing Systems Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanofibers

“…Porous carbon Chaniotakis 2000a 2001;, glassy carbon , fullerenes (Gavalas and Chaniotakis 2000b;Nednoor et al 2004;Chaniotakis 2007) and carbon nanohorns (Bekyarova et al 2002;Fan et al 2006) have been used with great success in biosensing systems. The present review will discuss the progress achieved in the field of biosensors based on carbon nanotubes and nanofibers.…”