Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Halide Materials for Photovoltaics towards Their Commercialization

Abstract

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite (HOIP) photovoltaics have emerged as a promising new technology for the next generation of photovoltaics since their first development 10 years ago, and show a high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) of about 29.3%. The power-conversion efficiency of these perovskite photovoltaics depends on the base materials used in their development, and methylammonium lead iodide is generally used as the main component. Perovskite materials have been further explored to increase their efficiency, as they are cheaper and easier to fabricate than silicon photovoltaics, which will lead to better commercialization. Even with these advantages, perovskite photovoltaics have a few drawbacks, such as their stability when in contact with heat and humidity, which pales in comparison to the 25-year stability of silicon, even with improvements are made when exploring new materials. To expand the benefits and address the drawbacks of perovskite photovoltaics, perovskite–silicon tandem photovoltaics have been suggested as a solution in the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. This tandem photovoltaic results in an increased PCE value by presenting a better total absorption wavelength for both perovskite and silicon photovoltaics. In this work, we summarized the advances in HOIP photovoltaics in the contact of new material developments, enhanced device fabrication, and innovative approaches to the commercialization of large-scale devices.

Hybrid Materials: A Metareview

“…Solar energy harvesting is another field that is taking advantage of the benefits of hybridization. Organic–inorganic perovskites are materials with the typical chemical formula ABX 3 , where B is a divalent cation and X a halogen anion, but unlike traditional perovskites A is an organic cation (e.g., methylammonium) . These materials have gained popularity due to their ease of preparation, low cost, and high efficiency.…”

“…Organic–inorganic perovskites are materials with the typical chemical formula ABX 3 , where B is a divalent cation and X a halogen anion, but unlike traditional perovskites A is an organic cation (e.g., methylammonium). 137 These materials have gained popularity due to their ease of preparation, low cost, and high efficiency. Also, the right combination of metal and organic cations as well as halogen anion can provide the desired bandgap.…”

Temperature Dependence of Photochemical Degradation of MAPbBr3 Perovskite

“…Since then, a real boom in these studies has begun, aimed primarily at replacing expensive silicon solar cells, because of the low cost of the technological process (about $2.5/cell) and a fairly high energy conversion coefficient, currently reaching up to 25.8% [3]. The presence of such unique properties, namely high absorption coefficients, low exciton binding energy, high mobility of charge carriers, and lengths of electron−hole diffusion, allow their wide use in optical and electronic fields, including solar cells, photocatalysis, light-emitting diodes (LED), photodetectors, lasers, and so on [4][5][6][7].…”

Improved Power Conversion Efficiency with Tunable Electronic Structures of the Cation-Engineered [Ai]PbI3 Perovskites for Solar Cells: First-Principles Calculations

“…Perovskite materials with the ABX 3 (A = cations, B = Pb, and X = I) formula have a variety of valuable properties, including both in application-oriented uses and fundamental physics [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. One of the main reasons perovskites are so successful is their adaptability—they can be tailored to have a variety of different properties, which allows them to meet specific requirements such as an impressive series of improvements in light to electricity efficiency [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”