Hybrid PET–MRI Imaging in Paediatric and TYA Brain Tumours: Clinical Applications and Challenges

Shankar, Ananth; Bomanji, Jamshed; Hyare, Harpreet

doi:10.3390/jpm10040218

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…MRI is used before treatment and at the end of treatment or disease progression [295,296] and to assess neurological complications of cancer treatment [297]. PET/MRI is used in brain tumor grading and staging [298,299] as a diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for glioma [300] and for improved diagnostic and therapeutic assessment in pediatric, teenage, and young adult brain tumors [301]. 11 C-methyl-L-methionine (C-11-MET) PET/MRI was found to improve the diagnostic accuracy to differentiate treatment-related changes from true progression in recurrent glioma [302] and was useful for the assessment of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status [303].…”

Section: Brain and Glioma Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Fields and Cancer: Epidemiology, Cellular Biology, and Theranostics

Maffei

2022

IJMS

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Humans are exposed to a complex mix of man-made electric and magnetic fields (MFs) at many different frequencies, at home and at work. Epidemiological studies indicate that there is a positive relationship between residential/domestic and occupational exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and some types of cancer, although some other studies indicate no relationship. In this review, after an introduction on the MF definition and a description of natural/anthropogenic sources, the epidemiology of residential/domestic and occupational exposure to MFs and cancer is reviewed, with reference to leukemia, brain, and breast cancer. The in vivo and in vitro effects of MFs on cancer are reviewed considering both human and animal cells, with particular reference to the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). MF application on cancer diagnostic and therapy (theranostic) are also reviewed by describing the use of different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications for the detection of several cancers. Finally, the use of magnetic nanoparticles is described in terms of treatment of cancer by nanomedical applications for the precise delivery of anticancer drugs, nanosurgery by magnetomechanic methods, and selective killing of cancer cells by magnetic hyperthermia. The supplementary tables provide quantitative data and methodologies in epidemiological and cell biology studies. Although scientists do not generally agree that there is a cause-effect relationship between exposure to MF and cancer, MFs might not be the direct cause of cancer but may contribute to produce ROS and generate oxidative stress, which could trigger or enhance the expression of oncogenes.

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Section: Brain and Glioma Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Fields and Cancer: Epidemiology, Cellular Biology, and Theranostics

Maffei

2022

IJMS

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“…MRI provides excellent soft tissue contrast and spatial resolution without ionizing radiation, which has been widely used due to its relatively low cost and easy accessibility ( Mirzaei and Adeli, 2018 ). Meanwhile, PET imaging has been widely utilized in the diagnosis and management of cancer patients with relatively high sensitivity and quantitative-imaging ability ( Shankar et al, 2020 ; Overcast et al, 2021 ). However, these imaging examinations have showed a limited ability in the imaging of CNS-L mainly due to the special histopathological characteristics of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrin α6-Targeted Molecular Imaging of Central Nervous System Leukemia in Mice

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Central nervous system leukemia (CNS-L) is caused by leukemic cells infiltrating into the meninges or brain parenchyma and remains the main reason for disease relapse. Currently, it is hard to detect CNS-L accurately by clinically available imaging models due to the relatively low amount of tumor cells, confined blood supply, and the inferior glucose metabolism intensity. Recently, integrin α6-laminin interactions have been identified to mediate CNS-L, which suggests that integrin α6 may be a promising molecular imaging target for the detection of CNS-L. The acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line NALM6 stabled and transfected with luciferase was used to establish the CNS-L mouse model. CNS-L-bearing mice were monitored and confirmed by bioluminescence imaging. Three of our previously developed integrin α6-targeted peptide-based molecular imaging agents, Cy5-S5 for near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF), Gd-S5 for magnetic resonance (MR), and 18F-S5 for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, were employed for the molecular imaging of these CNS-L-bearing mice. Bioluminescence imaging showed a local intensive signal in the heads among CNS-L-bearing mice; meanwhile, Cy5-S5/NIRF imaging produced intensive fluorescence intensity in the same head regions. Moreover, Gd-S5/MR imaging generated superior MR signal enhancement at the site of meninges, which were located between the skull bone and brain parenchyma. Comparatively, MR imaging with the clinically available MR enhancer Gd-DTPA did not produce the distinguishable MR signal in the same head regions. Additionally, 18F-S5/PET imaging also generated focal radio-concentration at the same head regions, which generated nearly 5-times tumor-to-background ratio compared to the clinically available PET radiotracer 18F-FDG. Finally, pathological examination identified layer-displayed leukemic cells in the superficial part of the brain parenchyma tissue, and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the overexpression of the integrin α6 within the lesion. These findings suggest the potential application of these integrin α6-targeted molecular imaging agents for the accurate detection of CNS-L.

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“…In other studies (7,8,9,10,11) was performed a comparative study using MRI and Pet scan fused to MRI in brain tumor biopsy and found no significant difference in post-operative complications between these two groups. However, interestingly, the pathological diagnosis was higher in the MRI alone group.…”

Section: Svoa Neurologymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In previous studies (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)13,14) it has been established that FD PET does not have sufficient sensitivity compared to other radiotracers; this is the case with choline, which allows better identification of the lesion with more sensitivity. In this case, methionine PET-CT radiotracer was used, allowing the metabolically active volume of the lesion to be accurately established.…”

Section: Svoa Neurologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan) in NeuronavigationGuided Biopsy of Complex Brain Tumors

Chong Loor,

Chong Zambrano

2023

SVOANE

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Male patient, 38 years old, with a history of previous surgical intervention in another center for brain lesion in the left fronto-parietal region, who had undergone a biopsy, with a result of failed pathological anatomy (he had no diagnosis). In the neurological examination, the patient was conscious, oriented in the three spheres, without neurological deficit, Glasgow 15/15. In the cranial MRI was observed in the left fronto-parietal subcortical region a hypointense lesion on T1, and an irregular hyperintense image in relation to the midline on T2, which did not uptake the contrast medium. Surgical intervention was performed, with a biopsy guided by the neuronavigation system (Brain Lab Curve) using a trephine less than 1 cm and the target planned by fusion of PET scan choline (Positron Emission Tomography) and contrasted cranial MRI, the most representative sample of the lesion was taken where observed the maximum affinity of the lesion for radioactive choline. The Pathological Anatomy result was low grade Astrocytoma, establishing a diagnosis. Control cranial CT scan 6 hours post-operatively, which determined the planned biopsy sample site. The post-surgical evolution was satisfactory, Glasgow 15/15, without neurological deficit. It has been proposed to continue treatment for these cases. In cases of complex lesions where CT and MRI cannot offer adequate resolution through imaging of the lesion, PET scan choline can offer an option to plan an appropriate biopsy of the lesion and obtain representativeness and obtain the best diagnosis. We recommend the use of PET scan in these cases.

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Hybrid PET–MRI Imaging in Paediatric and TYA Brain Tumours: Clinical Applications and Challenges

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Magnetic Fields and Cancer: Epidemiology, Cellular Biology, and Theranostics

Magnetic Fields and Cancer: Epidemiology, Cellular Biology, and Theranostics

Integrin α6-Targeted Molecular Imaging of Central Nervous System Leukemia in Mice

Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan) in NeuronavigationGuided Biopsy of Complex Brain Tumors

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