Hybrid Porous Polymers Combination of Octavinylsilsesquioxane/Pyrene with Benzothiadiazole Units for Robust Energy Storage and Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Water

Abstract

We investigated the performance that is improved in various applications through molecular structural alterations. Specifically, we emphasized the importance of controlling the branching densities of organic moieties as a useful tactic for varying the surface area and porosity of hybrid porous organic/inorganic polymers (HPPs), which include octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS) units. This study shows that adjusting the branching densities could greatly enhance energy storage and hydrogen production. The two-branched chemical structure (4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, BT-Br 2 ) and the four-branched organic compound (1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)ethylene, TPE-Br 4 ) are individually reacted with OVS and 1,3,6,8-tetrabromopyrene (Py-Br 4 ) twice to prepare the HPPs. These materials with high or low crosslinking density, as well as small and large surface areas, are synthesized by this dual reaction, which also produces HPPs with different cross-linking densities. Based on Brunauer−Emmett− Teller calculations, the OVS-Py-BT HPP has more than 4.5 times larger surface area than the OVS-Py-TPE HPP material. Remarkably, OVS-Py-BT HPP exhibited exceptional results for supercapacitor applications, with specific capacitance values of 248 and 54 F/g for OVS-Py-BT and OVS-Py-TPE HPPs, respectively, as determined by galvanostatic charge−discharge. OVS-Py-BT HPP significantly outperformed OVS-Py-TPE HPP in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. This is evident from their respective hydrogen evolution rates: 1348 μmol g −1 h −1 for OVS-Py-BT HPP and a much lower 11.3 μmol g −1 h −1 for OVS-Py-TPE HPP.

Construction of fully π-conjugated, diyne-linked conjugated microporous polymers based on tetraphenylethene and dibenzo[g,p]chrysene units for energy storage

“…Both CMPs exhibited CV curves with a characteristic rectangular-like humped shape that remained consistent across scan rates, indicating stability during the current sweep and capacitive behavior typical of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). 73–77 The emergence of redox peaks in the cyclic voltammetry analysis of these fully π-conjugated, diyne-linked CMPs can be attributed to their unique structural characteristics. TPE-Diyne and TBN-Diyne CMPs possess a π-conjugated structure, enabling the delocalization of π-electrons along the polymer backbone.…”

Tetrabenzonaphthalene and Redox-Active Anthraquinone-Linked Conjugated Microporous Polymers as Organic Electrodes for Enhanced Energy Storage Efficiency

“…The growing concerns over pollution, climate change, and the depletion of fossil fuels are intensifying global energy and environmental issues. − These challenges have spurred significant efforts to develop advanced alternative energy storage systems to satisfy future energy demands. − Consequently, there is an increasing focus on technologies for wastewater, water, and wind energy management as well as for storing materials and converting renewable energy sources. However, several challenges impede the adoption of energy storage systems, including low energy density, inadequate safety protocols, and a limited lifespan.…”

“…However, several challenges impede the adoption of energy storage systems, including low energy density, inadequate safety protocols, and a limited lifespan. Advanced energy storage technologies are crucial as they can enhance energy efficiency, facilitate rapid energy absorption, and release, and support the consistent growth of renewable energy sources. − These technologies also play a pivotal role in balancing the energy supply and demand. In response to current energy challenges, there has been a marked surge in research focused on innovative technology-based solutions for energy storage and renewable energy. − In recent years, significant research has been directed toward developing energy storage systems that efficiently store electrical energy from renewable sources and deliver it on demand globally. − These systems are crucial for keeping pace with rapid technological advancements in sectors requiring high power and energy density, such as electric vehicles and portable electronics.…”