“…In general, the steps taken to prevent plugging in injection wells are settling, coagulation/flocculation, flotation, centrifugal separation, filtration, ultrafiltration, and/or reverse osmosis to reduce the content of organic and inorganic compounds (Mansour, et al, 2022). Conventional processes cannot remove high salt levels in water, so technology-based steps using membranes are needed (Venzke, et al, 2018).…”