Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera:
Erebidae)
is difficult and costly to control as a quarantine pest found globally.
Sex pheromone trapping is an effective measure for its population
monitoring and control; however, the peripheral neural mechanism of
sex pheromone recognition in H. cunea remains unclear. An electrophysiological analysis showed that both
male and female moths of H. cunea responded
to four components of sex pheromones and the responses of male moths
were stronger than those of the female moths. We identified three
types of trichoid sensilla (ST) responsive to sex pheromones using
the single sensillum recording technique. Each type was involved in
recognizing 9R, 10S-epoxy-1, Z3, Z6-heneicosatriene (1, Z3, Z6–9S, 10R-epoxy-21Hy). Four peripheral neurons involved in the olfactory encoding
of sex pheromones were identified. Four candidate pheromone receptor
(PR) genes, HcunPR1a, HcunPR1b, HcunPR3, and HcunPR4, were screened by
transcriptome sequencing. All of them were highly expressed in the
antennae of males, except for HcunPR4, which was
highly expressed in the antennae of females. Functional identification
showed that HcunPR1a responded to sex pheromone. Other HcunPRs were
not functionally identified. In summary, neurons involved in sex pheromone
recognition of H. cunea were located
in the ST, and HcunPR1a recognized secondary pheromone components
1, Z3, Z6–9S, 10R-epoxy-21Hy. Interestingly, PRs that recognize
the main components of the sex pheromone may be located in an unknown
branch of the olfactory receptor and merit further study. Our findings
provide a better understanding of the peripheral neural coding mechanism
of type II sex pheromones, and HcunPR1a may provide a target for the
subsequent development of highly effective and specific biopesticides
for H. cunea.