Hybrid silicon and lithium niobate electro-optical ring modulator

Chen, Li; Xu, Qiang; Wood, Michael G.; Reano, Ronald M.

doi:10.1364/optica.1.000112

Cited by 247 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Such media range from organic electro-optic materials [186,187] and lithium niobate [169,188] (see Figure 6c) to III-V semiconductors [189] and ferroelectric perovskites [190]. Such integration potentially offers gigahertz electronic modulation bandwidth.…”

Section: Beyond Single-platform Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material platforms for integrated quantum photonics

Bogdanov¹,

Shalaginov²,

Boltasseva³

et al. 2016

Opt. Mater. Express

138

121

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On-chip integration of quantum optical systems could be a major factor enabling photonic quantum technologies. Unlike the case of electronics, where the essential device is a transistor and the dominant material is silicon, the toolbox of elementary devices required for both classical and quantum photonic integrated circuits is vast. Therefore, many material platforms are being examined to host the future quantum photonic computers and network nodes. We discuss the pros and cons of several platforms for realizing various elementary devices, compare the current degrees of integration achieved in each platform and review several composite platform approaches. References and links 1.C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard, "Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing," Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Syst. Signal Process. 175, 8 (1984). 2.N. Gisin and R. Thew, "Quantum communication," Nat. Photonics 1, 165-171 (2007). 3.H.-K. Lo, M. Curty, and K. Tamaki, "Secure quantum key distribution," Nat. Photonics 8, 595-604 (2014 553-558 (1992). 6. L. K. Grover, "A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search," in Proceedings of the XXVIII Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing -STOC '96 (ACM Press, 1996), pp. 212-219. 7.S. J. Devitt, W. J. Munro, and K. Nemoto, "Quantum error correction for beginners," Reports Prog. Phys. 76, 76001 (2013). 8.T. D. Ladd, F. Jelezko, R. Laflamme, Y. Nakamura, C. Monroe, and J. L. O'Brien, "Quantum computers.," Nature 464, 45-53 (2010). 9.H. J. Kimble, "The quantum internet," Nature 453, 1023-1030 (2008). 10.U. L. Andersen, G. Leuchs, and C. Silberhorn, "Continuous-variable quantum information processing," Laser Photon. Rev. 4, 337 (2010). 11.C. Weedbrook, S. Pirandola, R. García-Patrón, N. J. Cerf, T. C. Ralph, J. H. Shapiro, and S. Lloyd, "Gaussian quantum information," Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 621-669 (2012). 12.U. L. Andersen, J. S. Neergaard-Nielsen, P. Van Loock, and A. Furusawa, "Hybrid discrete-and continuous-variable quantum information," Nat. Phys. 11, 713-719 (2015). 13.E. Knill, R. Laflamme, and G. J. Milburn, "A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics," Nature 409, 46-52 (2001 Zeilinger, "Experimental one-way quantum computing," Nature 434, 169-176 (2005). 17.R. Raussendorf, J. Harrington, and K. Goyal, "Topological fault-tolerance in cluster state quantum computation," New J. Phys. 9, 199-199 (2007 A 192-196 (2015 O. Benson, "Assembly of hybrid photonic architectures from nanophotonic constituents.," Nature 480,

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Section: Beyond Single-platform Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material platforms for integrated quantum photonics

Bogdanov¹,

Shalaginov²,

Boltasseva³

et al. 2016

Opt. Mater. Express

138

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Nearly 10% photon number conversion from 7 GHz microwaves into the optical domain was demonstrated in a cryogenic environment [12]. Efficient direct electro-optic modulation as demonstrated, for example, in integrated microstructures [14,15] has been discussed by Tsang [16,17] as an alternative approach. The resulting phase modulation creates sidebands symmetrically around the optical pump frequency, which can be described by sum frequency generation (SFG) and difference frequency generation (DFG).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient microwave to optical photon conversion: an electro-optical realization

Rueda¹,

Sedlmeir²,

Collodo³

et al. 2016

Optica

226

218

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Linking classical microwave electrical circuits to the optical telecommunication band is at the core of modern communication. Future quantum information networks will require coherent microwave-to-optical conversion to link electronic quantum processors and memories via low-loss optical telecommunication networks. Efficient conversion can be achieved with electro-optical modulators operating at the single microwave photon level. In the standard electro-optic modulation scheme, this is impossible because both up-and down-converted sidebands are necessarily present. Here, we demonstrate true single-sideband up-or down-conversion in a triply resonant whispering gallery mode resonator by explicitly addressing modes with asymmetric free spectral range. Compared to previous experiments, we show a 3 orders of magnitude improvement of the electro-optical conversion efficiency, reaching 0.1% photon number conversion for a 10 GHz microwave tone at 0.42 mW of optical pump power. The presented scheme is fully compatible with existing superconducting 3D circuit quantum electrodynamics technology and can be used for nonclassical state conversion and communication. Our conversion bandwidth is larger than 1 MHz and is not fundamentally limited.

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“…Different kinds of material, such as graphene, that has ultra-high thermal conductivity enabling sub-microsecond tuning speed can be investigated. 39,40 Ultra-high speed p-i-n or pn junction, 41,42 or silicon-lithium niobate hybrid integration 43 can also be utilized for the phase shifters to further increase the repetition rate. The insertion loss of receiver chip is critical for final key rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on multicore fiber using silicon photonic integrated circuits

et al. 2017

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Quantum key distribution provides an efficient means to exchange information in an unconditionally secure way. Historically, quantum key distribution protocols have been based on binary signal formats, such as two polarization states, and the transmitted information efficiency of the quantum key is intrinsically limited to 1 bit/photon. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, a high-dimensional quantum key distribution protocol based on space division multiplexing in multicore fiber using silicon photonic integrated lightwave circuits. We successfully realized three mutually unbiased bases in a four-dimensional Hilbert space, and achieved low and stable quantum bit error rate well below both the coherent attack and individual attack limits. Compared to previous demonstrations, the use of a multicore fiber in our protocol provides a much more efficient way to create high-dimensional quantum states, and enables breaking the information efficiency limit of traditional quantum key distribution protocols. In addition, the silicon photonic circuits used in our work integrate variable optical attenuators, highly efficient multicore fiber couplers, and Mach-Zehnder interferometers, enabling manipulating high-dimensional quantum states in a compact and stable manner. Our demonstration paves the way to utilize state-of-the-art multicore fibers for noise tolerance high-dimensional quantum key distribution, and boost silicon photonics for high information efficiency quantum communications.npj Quantum Information (2017) 3:25 ; doi:10.1038/s41534-017-0026-2 INTRODUCTION Quantum key distribution (QKD) is an attractive quantum technology that provides a means to securely share secret keys between two clients (Alice and Bob).1-4 Traditional QKD is based on binary signal formats, such as the BB84 protocol where the quantum information is encoded in the polarization domain.5 Four polarization states create a set of two mutually unbiased basis (MUBs) in a two-dimensional Hilbert space which are used for establishing quantum keys between two parties. In these binary QKD systems the information efficiency is limited to 1 bit/photon. Recently, tremendous efforts have been put into developing novel protocols to increase the information efficiency.6-10 Highdimensional QKD (HD-QKD) based on qudit encoding (unit of information in a N dimension space) is an efficient technique to achieve high information efficiency for QKD systems.

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Hybrid silicon and lithium niobate electro-optical ring modulator

Cited by 247 publications

References 29 publications

Material platforms for integrated quantum photonics

Material platforms for integrated quantum photonics

Efficient microwave to optical photon conversion: an electro-optical realization

High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on multicore fiber using silicon photonic integrated circuits

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