Hybrid solid electrolyte with the combination of Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ ceramic and ionic liquid for high voltage pseudo-solid-state Li-ion batteries

Abstract

Concerning the safety aspects of high-voltage Li-ion batteries, a pelletized hybrid solid electrolyte (HSE) was prepared by blending Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) ceramic particles and an ionic liquid electrolyte (ILE) for use in pseudo-solid-state Li-ion batteries.

Solid‐State Lithium Batteries: Bipolar Design, Fabrication, and Electrochemistry

“…Although the non-fluidic properties of SEs enable a bipolar design by preventing the flow of ions between adjacent cells, the stacking of multiple cells within a single package has been found to be very challenging, and only a few reports on bipolar SSLBs, mostly proof-of-concept studies, have been published thus far. [37,38,149,163,166,170,[173][174][175][176][177][178] The stacking strategies for bipolar SSLBs reported in the literature may be broadly classified into (i) the lamination of free-standing SE sheets and (ii) the printing of SE slurries. The former involves the sequential lamination of free-standing SE sheets and electrode-coated BPs, both of which have sufficient mechanical stability.…”

“…The former involves the sequential lamination of free-standing SE sheets and electrode-coated BPs, both of which have sufficient mechanical stability. [37,149,166,170,[173][174][175] On the other hand, the latter employs layer-by-layer printing (coating) of SE slurries (inks) on the electrode-coated BPs serving as a mechanical support. [38,163,[176][177][178] Then, another unit cell is stacked on top of the as-printed one.…”

“…In addition, an LLZO-IL hybrid was proposed as a quasi-SE for Swagelok-type bipolar batteries. [175] For the preparation of a hybrid SE, Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 particles (80 wt %) were uniformly wetted by Py14TFSI (19 wt %) and LiTFSI (1 wt %), which resulted in a reduced interfacial resistance between ceramic LLZO and LiCoO 2 particles in the composite PE (Figure 8c). After that, the SE mixture was pelletized for the assembly of the bipolar battery, [SUS j (À ) Li j quasi-SE j LiCoO 2 (+) j Al j SUS (BP) j (À ) Li j quasi-SE j LiCoO 2 (+) j Al j SUS].…”

“…d) Photographs of hybrid SE after a thermal shrinkage test (120°C), and the electrochemical performance of a two-cell bipolar battery with an LLZO-IL-based electrolyte measured at 25°C. Adapted from Ref [175]…”

Ice as Solid Electrolyte To Conduct Various Kinds of Ions

“…In comparison, Li 7 La 2.75 Ca 0.25 Zr 1.75 Nb 0.25 O 12 ,one of the most promising Li-ion battery solid electrolyte materials, possess an ionic conductivity of 2.2 10 À4 Scm À1 at 22 8 8C. [11] We emphasize that the electrolyte materials that holds high conductivity at low temperatures is very important to develop battery devices that can work at extreme conditions· [12] In conclusion, we have proved that frozen aqueous solutions are still ion conductive.B yu ltra-fast freezing aqueous solutions,wedeveloped anew series of low-temperature electrolyte named ICI, which is able to conduct ions including Li + ,N a + ,M g 2+ ,A l 3+ ,K + ,M n 2+ ,F e 2+ ,C o 2+ ,N i 2+ , Cu 2+ ,and Zn 2+ .Cations preserved in ice lattice contribute to ICIsi onic conductivity,r anging from % 10 À7 Scm( Zn 2+ )t o % 10 À3 Scm( Li + ), at temperatures from À20 8 8Ct oÀ5 8 8C. A group of nitrate based and chloride based ICIs were also tested at temperature range of À40.0 8 8Ca nd À15.0 8 8C (Table S2 and Table S3).…”