Hybrid symplectic integrators for planetary dynamics

Rein, Hanno; Hernández, David M.; Tamayo, Daniel; Brown, Garett; Eckels, Emily; Holmes, Emma; Lau, M.; Leblanc, Réjean; Silburt, Ari

doi:10.1093/mnras/stz769

Cited by 119 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This ensures that that |H int | ≤ |H Kep |, even during a close encounter (for a detailed explanation, refer to Chambers (1999)). Nevertheless, the choice of K is an open debate on how the integrator keeps its symplecticity (Hernandez 2019; Rein et al 2019) about the switchover function and its expression is discussed in Sect. 5.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical properties of terrestrial planets and water delivery in the habitable zone using N-body simulations with fragmentation

Dugaro

Elía

Darriba

2019

A&A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims. The goal of this research is to study how the fragmentation of planetary embryos can affect the physical and dynamical properties of terrestrial planets around solar-type stars. Our study focuses on the formation and evolution of planets and water delivery in the habitable zone (HZ). We distinguish class A and class B HZ planets, which have an accretion seed initially located inside and beyond the snow line, respectively. Methods. We develop an N-body integrator that incorporates fragmentation and hit-and-run collisions, which is called D3 N-body code. From this, we perform 46 numerical simulations of planetary accretion in systems that host two gaseous giants like Jupiter and Saturn. We compare two sets of 23 N-body simulations, one of which includes a realistic collisional treatment and the other one models all impacts as perfect mergers.Results. The final masses of the HZ planets formed in runs with fragmentation are about 15 % -20 % smaller than those obtained without fragmentation. As for the class A HZ planets, those formed in simulations without fragmentation experience very significant increases in mass respect to their initial values, while the growth of those produced in runs with fragmentation is less relevant. We remark that the fragments play a secondary role in the masses of the class A HZ planets, providing less than 30 % of their final values. In runs without fragmentation, the final fraction of water of the class A HZ planets keeps the initial value since they do not accrete water-rich embryos. In runs with fragmentation, the final fraction of water of such planets strongly depends on the model used to distribute the water after each collision. The class B HZ planets do not show significant differences concerning their final water contents in runs with and without fragmentation. From this, we find that the collisional fragmentation is not a barrier to the survival of water worlds in the HZ.

show abstract

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical properties of terrestrial planets and water delivery in the habitable zone using N-body simulations with fragmentation

Dugaro

Elía

Darriba

2019

A&A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In cases with close encounters between planets, the motion will no longer be nearly Keplerian, and Kepler splittings will yield large errors. In cases where such close encounters are rare, hybrid integrators are powerful tools (Duncan et al 1998;Chambers 1999;Rein et al 2019c). In REBOUND, the MERCURIUS integrator retains efficiency by using a Kepler splitting when possible, and switches to an adaptive, high-accuracy integration with IAS15 for particles undergoing close encounters (Rein et al 2019c).…”

Section: Which Integrator To Use?mentioning

confidence: 99%

REBOUNDx: a library for adding conservative and dissipative forces to otherwise symplectic N-body integrations

Tamayo

Rein

Shi

et al. 2019

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Self Cite

181

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Symplectic methods, in particular the Wisdom-Holman map, have revolutionized our ability to model the long-term, conservative dynamics of planetary systems. However, many astrophysically important effects are dissipative. The consequences of incorporating such forces into otherwise symplectic schemes is not always clear. We show that moving to a general framework of non-commutative operators (dissipative or not) clarifies many of these questions, and that several important properties of symplectic schemes carry over to the general case. In particular, we show that explicit splitting schemes generically exploit symmetries in the applied external forces which often strongly suppress integration errors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that so-called 'symplectic correctors' (which reduce energy errors by orders of magnitude at fixed computational cost) apply equally well to weakly dissipative systems and can thus be more generally thought of as 'weak splitting correctors.' Finally, we show that previously advocated approaches of incorporating additional forces into symplectic methods work well for dissipative forces, but give qualitatively wrong answers for conservative but velocity-dependent forces like post-Newtonian corrections. We release REBOUNDx, an opensource C library for incorporating additional effects into REBOUND N-body integrations, together with a convenient PYTHON wrapper. All effects are machine-independent and we provide a binary format that interfaces with the SimulationArchive class in REBOUND to enable the sharing and reproducibility of results. Users can add effects from a list of pre-implemented astrophysical forces, or contribute new ones.

show abstract

“…SIMULATING DYNAMICAL LIFETIME Determining the total mass loss possible for different volatiles requires knowledge of the dynamical lifetime of 2014 OG 392 in the Centaur region (where both perihelion distance and semi-major axis are between 5 and 30 au). To this end we made use of the REBOUND N -body integrator to model the orbits of 2014 OG 392 and giant planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune (Rein et al 2019). We also carried out 25 simulations of 2014 OG 392 , each with an orbital clone derived from the orbital uncertainties published by the Minor Planet Center.…”

Section: Followup Observingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cometary Activity Discovered on a Distant Centaur: A Nonaqueous Sublimation Mechanism

Chandler

Kueny

Trujillo

et al. 2020

ApJL

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Centaurs are minor planets thought to have originated in the outer solar system region known as the Kuiper Belt. Active Centaurs enigmatically display comet-like features (e.g., tails, comae) even though they orbit in the gas giant region where it is too cold for water to readily sublimate. Only 18 active Centaurs have been identified since 1927 and, consequently, the underlying activity mechanism(s) have remained largely unknown up to this point. Here we report the discovery of activity emanating from Centaur 2014 OG392, based on archival images we uncovered plus our own new observational evidence acquired with the Dark Energy Camera (Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Blanco 4 m telescope), the Inamori-Magellan Areal Camera & Spectrograph (Las Campanas Observatory 6.5 m Walter Baade Telescope), and the Large Monolithic Imager (Lowell Observatory 4.3 m Discovery Channel Telescope). We detect a coma as far as 400,000 km from 2014 OG392, and our novel analysis of sublimation processes and dynamical lifetime suggest carbon dioxide and/or ammonia are the most likely candidates for causing activity on this and other active Centaurs. We find 2014 OG392 is optically red, but CO2 and NH3 are spectrally neutral in this wavelength regime so the reddening agent is as yet unidentified.

show abstract

Hybrid symplectic integrators for planetary dynamics

Cited by 119 publications

References 15 publications

Physical properties of terrestrial planets and water delivery in the habitable zone using N-body simulations with fragmentation

Physical properties of terrestrial planets and water delivery in the habitable zone using N-body simulations with fragmentation

REBOUNDx: a library for adding conservative and dissipative forces to otherwise symplectic N-body integrations

Cometary Activity Discovered on a Distant Centaur: A Nonaqueous Sublimation Mechanism

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About