Hybrid Systems Optimization: Application to Hybrid Systems Photovoltaic Connected to Grid. A Mali Case Study

Abstract

Access to electricity and supplying reliable energy are the key elements that support local economic development and contribute to reducing poverty. Moreover, the problem of environmental protection can be considered as a factor of sustainable development. In response to these many challenges, appropriate national and regional policies, as well as mechanisms, have been implemented. In Mali, strong dependence on the importation of oil, growth in demand, and the low rate of electrification have pushed the highest authorities to think of diversified technological solutions like renewable energy for the satisfaction of energy demands, especially photovoltaics, for which the country has significant potential. The hybrid systems used is a compromise, because the emission rate of carbon dioxide emitted by thermal power plants must be reduced and limited to preserve supernatural disasters. For this, hybrid photovoltaic systems coupled to the grid increased, but the management of the production of these photovoltaics poses a lot of problem due to its intermittent status. It is in this context that we conducted an optimization study of a hybrid system photovoltaic connected to the grid. We applied our approach to the most extensive distribution post of Mali capital. For the simulation, we used the modeling and simulation tool named HOMER.

Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Maximal Power Point Tracking

“…PV operating characteristics as a function of these two factors can be modeled by mathematical equations. The source of photocurrent Iph depends on the solar irradiation and the ambient temperature through equation 1 [15]:…”

Leveraging Blockchain Technology for Secure Energy Trading and Least-Cost Evaluation of Decentralized Contributions to Electrification in Sub-Saharan Africa

“…In Mali, electricity generation is dominated by 55% of hydraulic and 45% of diesel energy sources. Solar generation capacities are recorded with~2100-2300 kWh/m 2 , which increase the country's total energy generation [65]. In 2010, 6.3 MW of energy was generated from RES, whereas an estimated value of approximately 150.7 MW for 2020 and 201.8 MW for 2030 is expected [65].…”

“…Solar generation capacities are recorded with~2100-2300 kWh/m 2 , which increase the country's total energy generation [65]. In 2010, 6.3 MW of energy was generated from RES, whereas an estimated value of approximately 150.7 MW for 2020 and 201.8 MW for 2030 is expected [65]. The simulation results confirm that Mali can achieve a mean generation cost of 2.2928 $/kWh for CES, 2.1995 $/kWh for DES as compared to 1.1256 $/kWh per month for BDES.…”

Selection of a Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for a Low-Income Household

“…Oyedepo et al [11] X X Yahya et al [20] X X X Chowdhury et al [21] X X X Zahboune et al [14] X X Fazelpour et al [15] X X X Yilmaz, and Dincer [16] X X X Al Garnia [12] X X Mandal et al [22] X X X Sen and Bhattacharyya [23] X X X Diemuodeke et al [18] X X X Rezzouk and Mellit [19] X X X Akinbulire et al [2] X X X X Farahi and Fazelpour [24] X X X Goudarzi et al [25] X X X Babatunde et al [3] X X X Diemuodeke et al [26] X X X X Ighravwe et al [27] X X X Akinyele et al [28] X X X X Adaramola et al [29] X X Ajayi et al [30] X X Ali et al [31] X X X Amadou et al [32] X X X Tae et al [33] X X Present study X X X X X X Based on literature search, many case studies concentrate on national [34], regional [35] and rural communities scale [2,11,12,16,18,20,22,23,26,28,36] with only a few research efforts directed at low-income households. Furthermore, the effect of energy efficient practices on the techno-economic and environmental features of HRES have not been comprehensively investigated (see Table 1).…”