Hybrid‐type, multicomponent interval training upregulates musculoskeletal fitness of adults with overweight and obesity in a volume‐dependent manner: A 1‐year dose‐response randomised controlled trial

Abstract

This study examined the dose-response effects of a 1-year hybrid-type, multicomponent interval training programme (DoIT) on various musculoskeletal fitness parameters in inactive overweight and obese adults in a gym setting. Ninety-seven middle-aged (44.8 ± 5.2 years) individuals with overweight/obesity (31.2 ± 5.7 kg/m 2 ) (66% female) were randomly assigned to the following groups: (i) no-intervention control (CON, n = 29), (ii) DoIT performed once weekly (DoIT-1, n = 24), (iii) DoIT performed twice weekly (DoIT-2, n = 23) and (iv) DoIT performed thrice weekly (DoIT-3, n = 21). DoIT was a time-efficient, intermittent-based, multicomponent exercise protocol using progressive loaded fundamental movement patterns with prescribed work-torest intervals (1:3-2:1) in a circuit format (2-3 rounds). Muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, passive range of motion (PRoM), static balance and functional movement screen (FMS®) were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months following intervention. At post-training, all exercise groups exhibited superior changes than CON in (i) muscular strength (+13%-38%, p < 0.001); (ii) muscular endurance (+42%-159%, p < 0.001); (iii) flexibility (+12%-42%, p < 0.001); (iv) PRoM (+6%-50%, p = 0.001-0.026); (v) static balance (+61%-163%, p < 0.001); and (vi) FMS (+18%-39%, p < 0.001). Although a single exercise session/week improved musculoskeletal fitness, changes demonstrated a step-wise improvement with two and three sessions/week suggesting a dose-dependent response. The response rate to training was 100% for all exercise groups. These findings suggest that a multicomponent exercise approach incorporating bodyweight drills and resistance-based alternative modes performed under real-world conditions may improve several musculoskeletal fitness indicators in a dose-dependent manner in inactive, middle-aged adults with overweight/obesity.

Psychological Adaptations to High-Intensity Interval Training in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Topical Review

“…HIIT has also been reported as a well-tolerated and accepted training modality for previously inactive overweight and obese adults [ 40 , 46 ]. HIIT-based regimens were associated with both marked increases in adherence rates and with meaningful improvements in exercise behavioral regulation in overweight/obese women following a 5-, 10-, and 12-month supervised, hybrid-type HIIT intervention [ 40 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. In summary, an adherence rate of ≥80% was reported for both HIIT and MICT in 13 studies investigating the effects on body composition in overweight/obese individuals [ 51 ].…”

Psychophysiological Adaptations to Pilates Training in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Topical Review

“…On the other hand, a few studies investigating the Pilates training method have shown that it can be an effective exercise mode for increasing functional capacity, flexibility, balance, posture, and muscular performance in various healthy and clinical populations [ 74 , 83 , 84 ]. Taking these observations into consideration, it does not seem clear the degree of improvement in a wide spectrum of musculoskeletal fitness parameters following Pilates training, as previously reported for other popular neuromuscular exercise types in these populations [ 85 , 86 ].…”

Psychophysiological Adaptations to Yoga Practice in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Topical Review

“…Instead, yoga is mostly a multifaceted spiritual tool able to induce enhanced health and well-being to its regular users [ 103 ], and, thus, typical exercise modes and physical components of yoga practices demonstrate several similarities but also important differences [ 119 ]. Taking these facts into account, it does not appear clear whether yoga can elicit meaningful improvement in a broad spectrum of musculoskeletal fitness variables following short- or long-term interventions in these populations compared with other popular neuromuscular exercise modes [ 120 , 121 , 122 ]. Thus, further research is needed to identify whether this mind–body activity can be widely adapted for individuals with lower levels of functioning or disabilities.…”