Hybrid warfare & theory

Abstract

Hybrid threats use conventional and unconventional means to achieve their goals. This paper explores the cyber threat as one possible aspect of hybrid threats. It also discusses the background of the term hybrid warfare, how it emerged and travelled as the empirical situations evolved and needed new definitions. Russia aims at attaining this by applying a holistic mix of military, political and economic means to weaken the West and to strengthen its own role as a global player (with the “West” I for simplicity mean the states which constitute EU and NATO, but it is really more a cultural approach than an organizational). The Russian approach builds on a strategy of reflexive control which as such is an old method, but the outcome of the application of this approach results in hybrid warfare which as such is a new emerging concept of warfighting. This short article looks at one particular aspect of this Russian strategy, namely using Hybrid, or non-linear, Warfare against its Western direct neighbors in particular and the West in general. The cyber arena is very important in this practice. The attack of this weaponized situation is that the trust in the West. Primarily the EU (European Union) and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), is eroded for every day which these countries challenges the international system which the western democracies say that they present and defend. This is part of what can be described as an example of reflexive control, exercised by Russia.

Hezbollah as an Iranian proxy and its progressive expansion in Latin America

“…El ascenso del término, así como las preocupaciones que se desprendían de este, recibieron especial atención dentro de la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte (OTAN). El problema epistemológico cobró un sentido estratégico cuando se comprendió que la mixtura entre lo regular e irregular suponía un cambio paradigmático en los estudios militares, estratégicos y polemológicos (Gunneriusson, 2021). En ese orden de ideas, autores como Mumford y Carlucci (2023) sostienen que la esencia de la guerra híbrida está ligada con el síntoma de un entorno político cambiante, más que con un concepto estático dentro de los manuales militares.…”