“…For instance, water bodies are facing severe deterioration due to the discharge of wastewaters, which results in a remarkable increase in heavy metals (Abdulla et al 2020;Abdulraheem et al 2020), coloring agents (Abdulhadi et al 2019;Aqeel et al 2020), nutrients (Alenezi et al 2020;Al-Marri et al 2020;Khalid et al 2020aKhalid et al , 2020b, phenols (Emamjomeh et al 2020a(Emamjomeh et al , 2020b, geosmin (Ryecroft et al 2019), fluoride (Alhendal et al 2020), organic pollutants (Abdulhadi et al 2021;Alyafei et al 2020;Zanki et al 2020), viruses and bacteria (Hashim et al 2020a(Hashim et al , 2020bHashim et al 2021;Khalid et al 2020aKhalid et al , 2020b, turbidity (Alenazi et al 2020;Alnaimi et al 2020) and other pollutants (Emamjomeh et al 2020a(Emamjomeh et al , 2020bHashim et al 2020aHashim et al , 2020bKadhim et al 2020b;Mohammed et al 2020). Air quality is also deteriorating due to the increasing emissions from human activities (Grmasha et al 2020;Kadhim et al 2020a;Shubbar et al 2020aShubbar et al , 2020b, such as cement industries (Majdi et al 2020;Shubbar et al 2020aShubbar et al , 2020b, which resulted in an increase in global temperature (Salah et al 2020a(Salah et al , 2020b(Salah et al , 2020c…”