Hybridization and Hybridity

Abstract

Hybridization generally refers to the process and hybridity to the product of a mixture of essentially contradictory and conflicting elements. We refer to it here as a combination of the characteristics of civil society, market, and state and mainly focus on hybrid organizations, as these have raised the most pressing questions in research on civil society. These hybrid organizations operate at the borders between the spheres of the market, state, and civil society and combine the characteristics and logics conventionally attached to each of them (

The Thumbprint of a Hybrid Organization—A Multidimensional Model for Analysing Public/Private Hybrid Organizations

“…More and more organizations operate in the fuzzy world between the public and the private realm. These hybrid organizations straddle the borders between the seemingly distinct spheres of the market, state, and civil society, each characterized by a unique set of dominant norms, values and institutional logics and template for organizing (Anheier & Krlev, 2015;Billis & Rochester, 2020;Brandsen & Karré, 2021;Grossi et al, 2017;Powell et al, 2019;Schmitz & Glänzel, 2016;Smith, 2014). Hybrid organizations combine the characteristics and logics conventionally attached to public, private and Third sector organizations (Anheier & Krlev, 2015;Battilana & Lee, 2014;Billis, 2010b;Brandsen et al, 2005;Brandsen & Karré, 2011;Denis et al, 2015;Jay, 2012;Johanson & Vakkuri, 2018;Schmitz & Glänzel, 2016;Skelcher & Smith, 2015;.…”

“…A first version of the multidimensional model was mostly based on classic studies on the differences between public and private organizations (Bozeman, 1987;Dahl & Lindblom, 1953;Fottler, 1981;Hood, 1991;Jacobs, 1992;Lane, 1994;Perry & Rainey, 1988;Rainey, 1997;Rainey & Chun, 2007;Wamsley & Zald, 1973). Since then, more literature has become available that deals explicitly with hybrid organizations and their dimensions (e.g., Alexius & Furusten, 2019;Anheier & Krlev, 2015;Battilana & Lee, 2014;Billis, 2010b;Brandsen & Karré, 2021;Johanson & Vakkuri, 2018;Mair et al, 2015;Powell et al, 2019;. Insights from this literature have been added to the model.…”