Hybridization leads to host-use divergence in a polyphagous butterfly sibling species pair

Mercader, Rodrigo J.; Aardema, Matthew L.; Scriber, J. Mark

doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1177-9

Cited by 32 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Together, these data show that its history of introgression is dissimilar to appalachiensis . The late flight has the potential to speciate through allochronic flight period and larval host plant specialization [20], [41]; however, unlike appalachiensis , it may be a transient phase in the northward movement of the glaucus-canadensis hybrid zone in a changing thermal landscape. Moreover, although selection may maintain some characteristics of a mosaic sex chromosome in the late flight [20], [37], our data suggest that the late flight may not be experiencing natural selection for the same sex chromosome mosaicism that seems to have been essential in generating and maintaining the hybrid phenotype of appalachiensis .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Chromosome Mosaicism and Hybrid Speciation among Tiger Swallowtail Butterflies

et al. 2011

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Hybrid speciation, or the formation of a daughter species due to interbreeding between two parental species, is a potentially important means of diversification, because it generates new forms from existing variation. However, factors responsible for the origin and maintenance of hybrid species are largely unknown. Here we show that the North American butterfly Papilio appalachiensis is a hybrid species, with genomic admixture from Papilio glaucus and Papilio canadensis. Papilio appalachiensis has a mosaic phenotype, which is hypothesized to be the result of combining sex-linked traits from P. glaucus and P. canadensis. We show that P. appalachiensis' Z-linked genes associated with a cooler thermal habitat were inherited from P. canadensis, whereas its W-linked mimicry and mitochondrial DNA were inherited from P. glaucus. Furthermore, genome-wide AFLP markers showed nearly equal contributions from each parental species in the origin of P. appalachiensis, indicating that it formed from a burst of hybridization between the parental species, with little subsequent backcrossing. However, analyses of genetic differentiation, clustering, and polymorphism based on molecular data also showed that P. appalachiensis is genetically distinct from both parental species. Population genetic simulations revealed P. appalachiensis to be much younger than the parental species, with unidirectional gene flow from P. glaucus and P. canadensis into P. appalachiensis. Finally, phylogenetic analyses, combined with ancestral state reconstruction, showed that the two traits that define P. appalachiensis' mosaic phenotype, obligatory pupal diapause and mimicry, evolved uniquely in P. canadensis and P. glaucus, respectively, and were then recombined through hybridization to form P. appalachiensis. These results suggest that natural selection and sex-linked traits may have played an important role in the origin and maintenance of P. appalachiensis as a hybrid species. In particular, ecological barriers associated with a steep thermal cline appear to maintain the distinct, mosaic genome of P. appalachiensis despite contact and occasional hybridization with both parental species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Chromosome Mosaicism and Hybrid Speciation among Tiger Swallowtail Butterflies

et al. 2011

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“…In particular, Z-linked species diagnostic traits [allozymes ( Fig. 1; Scriber and Ording 2005); diapause (Rockey et al 1987;Scriber and Ording 2005); ovipositional behavior Mercader et al 2009)] and autosomal species diagnostic traits [wing morphology (Table 1; Scriber and Ording 2005); larval detoxiWcation abilities (Scriber and Ording 2005;Mercader et al 2009)] have indicated a signiWcantly greater number of hybrid characteristics in the late Xight population, relative to the early Xight P. canadensis (Table 1). In contrast, species diagnostic mtDNA RFLPs indicated an absence of P. glaucus-type mtDNA (see "Results") suggesting that the introgression which resulted in recombined Z-chromosomes (Scriber and Ording 2005) likely occurred via introgressed males mating with P. canadensis females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Females of both early Xight and late Xight populations were allowed to oviposit either inside nylon screen sleeves placed on tree branches or in lab arenas (see Mercader and Scriber 2007;Mercader et al 2009). Resulting larvae were Weld reared on black cherry, Prunus serotina (Rosaceae), in Cambridge, New York and East Lansing, MI, USA.…”

Section: Insect Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allochronic isolation and incipient hybrid speciation in tiger swallowtail butterflies

et al. 2009

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Hybridization leading to reproductively isolated, novel genotypes is poorly understood as a means of speciation and few empirical examples have been studied. In 1999, a previously non-existent delayed flight of what appeared to be the Canadian tiger swallowtail butterfly, Papilio canadensis, was observed in the Battenkill River Valley, USA. Allozyme frequencies and morphology suggest that this delayed flight was the product of hybridization between Papilio canadensis and its sibling species Papilio glaucus. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphisms presented here indicate that only P. canadensis-like mtDNA occurs in this population, suggesting that introgression likely occurred from hybrid males mating with P. canadensis females. Preliminary studies of this population indicated that delayed post-diapause pupal emergence in this hybrid genotype was the root cause behind the observed delayed flight, which suggests a potential empirical example of a mechanism leading to reproductive isolation. Here we provide further evidence of the role of adult pupal emergence as a reproductive barrier likely leading to reproductive isolation. In particular, we present results from pupal emergence studies using four different spring and two different winter temperature treatments. The results indicate a clear separation of adult emergences between the hybrid population and both parental species. However, our results indicate that exceptionally hot springs are likely to lead to greater potential for overlap between the local parental species, P. canadensis, and this delayed population with hybrid origins. Conversely, our results also show that warmer winters are likely to increase the temporal separation of the hybrid population and the parental species. Finally, we report recently collected evidence that this hybrid population remains morphologically distinct.

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“…2009; Loxdale 2010). Temperature sums for emergence of H. obsoletus differ significantly between host races.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival relative to new and ancestral host plants, phytoplasma infection, and genetic constitution in host races of a polyphagous insect disease vector

Maixner

Albert²,

Johannesen³

2014

Ecology and Evolution

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Dissemination of vectorborne diseases depends strongly on the vector's host range and the pathogen's reservoir range. Because vectors interact with pathogens, the direction and strength of a vector's host shift is vital for understanding epidemiology and is embedded in the framework of ecological specialization. This study investigates survival in host-race evolution of a polyphagous insect disease vector, Hyalesthes obsoletus, whether survival is related to the direction of the host shift (from field bindweed to stinging nettle), the interaction with plant-specific strains of obligate vectored pathogens/symbionts (stolbur phytoplasma), and whether survival is related to genetic differentiation between the host races. We used a twice repeated, identical nested experimental design to study survival of the vector on alternative hosts and relative to infection status. Survival was tested with Kaplan–Meier analyses, while genetic differentiation between vector populations was quantified with microsatellite allele frequencies. We found significant direct effects of host plant (reduced survival on wrong hosts) and sex (males survive longer than females) in both host races and relative effects of host (nettle animals more affected than bindweed animals) and sex (males more affected than females). Survival of bindweed animals was significantly higher on symptomatic than nonsymptomatic field bindweed, but in the second experiment only. Infection potentially had a positive effect on survival in nettle animals but due to low infection rates the results remain suggestive. Genetic differentiation was not related to survival. Greater negative plant-transfer effect but no negative effect of stolbur in the derived host race suggests preadaptation to the new pathogen/symbiont strain before strong diversifying selection during the specialization process. Physiological maladaptation or failure to accept the ancestral plant will have similar consequences, namely positive assortative mating within host races and a reduction in the likelihood of oviposition on the alternative plant and thus the acquisition of alternative stolbur strains.

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Hybridization leads to host-use divergence in a polyphagous butterfly sibling species pair

Cited by 32 publications

References 69 publications

Sex Chromosome Mosaicism and Hybrid Speciation among Tiger Swallowtail Butterflies

Sex Chromosome Mosaicism and Hybrid Speciation among Tiger Swallowtail Butterflies

Allochronic isolation and incipient hybrid speciation in tiger swallowtail butterflies

Survival relative to new and ancestral host plants, phytoplasma infection, and genetic constitution in host races of a polyphagous insect disease vector

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