“…3,4 Various intelligent models, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), 5,6 particle swarm optimization (PSO), [7][8][9][10] genetic algorithms, 11 and fuzzy logic, [12][13] have been proposed. In the forecasting field, particularly for air pollution problems, 6,7,11,[14][15][16][17][18] ANNs have been successfully applied.…”