Hybridizing Ferromagnetic Magnons and Microwave Photons in the Quantum Limit

Tabuchi, Yoshihiko; Ishino, Seiichiro; Ishikawa, T.; Yamazaki, Rekishu; Usami, Koji; Nakamura, Y.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.083603

Cited by 921 publications

(870 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The vacuum Rabi splitting (2g) between the LP and UP peaks exhibited a square-root dependence on n e (Fig. 2e), which is strong evidence for collective vacuum Rabi splitting, as observed in atomic gases [23] and spin ensembles [24][25][26]. This observation validates the notion that billions of 2D electrons are interacting with a common cavity THz photon field in a fully coherent manner.…”

supporting

confidence: 71%

“…We achieved ultrastrong coupling (C > 300 and g/ω 0 ∼ 0.1) between coherent CR and THz cavity photons, observing vacuum Rabi splitting (Rabi oscillations) in the frequency (time) domain. Furthermore, we observed a √ n e -dependence of 2g on the electron density (n e ), signifying the collective nature of light-matter coupling [19,[23][24][25][26]. A value of g/ω 0 = 0.12 was obtained with just a single QW with a moderate n e .…”

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confidence: 79%

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Collective non-perturbative coupling of 2D electrons with high-quality-factor terahertz cavity photons

et al. 2016

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Nonperturbative coupling of light with condensed matter in an optical cavity is expected to reveal a host of coherent many-body phenomena and states [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In addition, strong coherent light-matter interaction in a solid-state environment is of great interest to emerging quantum-based technologies [8,9]. However, creating a system that combines a long electronic coherence time, a large dipole moment, and a high cavity quality (Q) factor has been a challenging goal [10][11][12][13]. Here, we report collective ultrastrong light-matter coupling in an ultrahigh-mobility two-dimensional electron gas in a high-Q terahertz photonic-crystal cavity in a quantizing magnetic field, demonstrating a cooperativity of ∼360. The splitting of cyclotron resonance (CR) into the lower and upper polariton branches exhibited a √ ne-dependence on the electron density (ne), a hallmark of collective vacuum Rabi splitting. Furthermore, a small but definite blue shift was observed for the polariton frequencies due to the normally negligible A 2 term in the light-matter interaction Hamiltonian. Finally, the high-Q cavity suppressed the superradiant decay of coherent CR, which resulted in an unprecedentedly narrow intrinsic CR linewidth of 5.6 GHz at 2 K. These results open up a variety of new possibilities to combine the traditional disciplines of many-body condensed matter physics and cavity-based quantum optics.PACS numbers: 78.67. De, 76.40.+b, 78.47.jh Strong resonant light-matter coupling in a cavity setting is an essential ingredient in fundamental cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) studies [14] as well as in cavity-QED-based quantum information processing [8,9]. In particular, a variety of solid-state cavity QED systems have recently been examined [15][16][17][18], not only for the purpose of developing scalable quantum technologies, but also for exploring novel many-body effects inherent to condensed matter. For example, collective √ N -fold enhancement of light-matter coupling in an N -body system [19], combined with colossal dipole moments available in solids, compared to traditional atomic systems, is promising for entering uncharted regimes of ultrastrong light-matter coupling. Nonintuitive quantum phenomena can occur in such regimes, including a "squeezed" vacuum state [1], the Dicke superradiant phase transition [2,3], the breakdown of the Purcell effect [4], and quantum vacuum radiation [5] induced by the dynamic Casimir effect [6,7].Specifically, in a cavity QED system, there are three rates that jointly characterize different light-matter coupling regimes: g, κ, and γ. The parameter g is the coupling constant, with 2g being the vacuum Rabi splitting between the two normal modes, the lower polariton (LP) and upper polariton (UP), of the coupled system. The parameter κ is the photon decay rate of the cavity; τ cav = κ −1 is the photon lifetime of the cavity, and the cavity Q = ω 0 τ cav at mode frequency ω 0 . The parameter γ is the nonresonant matter decay rate, which is usually the decoherence rate in ...

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confidence: 71%

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confidence: 79%

Collective non-perturbative coupling of 2D electrons with high-quality-factor terahertz cavity photons

et al. 2016

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“…In light of this principle, a cavity magnon polariton (CMP) has been recently studied in a coupled magnon-cavity photon system 2 , where the general feature of the CMP is described in a concise classical model 2 which accurately highlights the key physics of phase correlation between the cavity and magetization resonances. This general CMP model can be used to quantitatively analyze the characteristic features of magnon-photon coupling experiments recently performed by many different groups [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] , in which a low damping bulk ferromagnetic insulator is set either on-top of a superconducting co-plannar waveguide or inside a high quality 3D microwave cavity.…”

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confidence: 99%

On-chip artificial magnon-polariton device for voltage control of electromagnetically induced transparency

Kaur¹,

Yao²,

Gui³

et al. 2016

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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We demonstrate an on-chip device utilizing the concept of artificial cavity magnon-polariton (CMP) coupling between the microwave cavity mode and the dynamics of the artificial magnetism in a split ring resonator. This on-chip device allows the easy tuning of the artificial CMP gap by using a DC voltage signal, which enables tuneable electrodynamically induced transparency. The high tunability of the artificial magnon-polariton system not only enables the study of the characteristic phenomena associated with distinct coupling regimes, but also may open up avenues for designing novel microwave devices and ultra-sensitive sensors.When an electromagnetic wave propagates in a magnetic material, its magnetic fields can drive the magnetization precession and the mutual coupling between the macroscopic electrodynamic and magnetization dynamic results in a hybrid electromagnetic mode of media, i.e., magnon polariton 1 . In light of this principle, a cavity magnon polariton (CMP) has been recently studied in a coupled magnon-cavity photon system 2 , where the general feature of the CMP is described in a concise classical model 2 which accurately highlights the key physics of phase correlation between the cavity and magetization resonances. This general CMP model can be used to quantitatively analyze the characteristic features of magnon-photon coupling experiments recently performed by many different groups 2-10 , in which a low damping bulk ferromagnetic insulator is set either on-top of a superconducting co-plannar waveguide or inside a high quality 3D microwave cavity.The intriguing physics of CMP opens up new avenues for materials characterization and microwave applications. For example, CMP effect has recently been observed by setting miligrams of magnetic nano-particles inside a special circular waveguide cavity 11 , where the CMP coupling can be analyzed in the simple 1D configuration by using either the straightforward transfer matrix method 11 , or equivalently, the 1D scattering theory 12 . It is found that the CMP coupling enables quantifying the complex permeability of magnetic nanoparticles with high sensitivity, which was an outstanding challenge for the biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles 11 . In 3D microwave cavities, it is shown that the CMP coupling leads to the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), which is tuneable by applying an external magnetic field 5 . Such a tuneable EIT is of great importance for designing microwave circuits.From the perspective of device application the external magnetic field used to alter the resonance frequency of the magnon, and the size of the 3D cavity are not favourable. Inspired by the study of artificial magnetism 13,14 , where the non-magnetic conducting material is designed to provide a magnetic response at microwave frequencies, in this paper, we report on a 2D artificial CMP system created by integrating an artificial magnetic resonator with an on-chip cavity resonator. Here the cavity mode and the artificial magnon mode are generated by a ...

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“…Recently, strong coupling between a microwave cavity mode and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) has been realized at room temperature [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] . Exchange interactions lock the high density of spins in YIG into a macro-spin state, leading to strong coupling with a cavity mode which can be adjusted using an external magnetic field.…”

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confidence: 99%

Indirect coupling between two cavity modes via ferromagnetic resonance

Hyde

Bai

Harder

et al. 2016

Applied Physics Letters

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We experimentally realize indirect coupling between two cavity modes via strong coupling with the ferromagnetic resonance in Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG). We find that some indirectly coupled modes of our system can have a higher microwave transmission than the individual uncoupled modes. Using a coupled harmonic oscillator model, the influence of the oscillation phase difference between the two cavity modes on the nature of the indirect coupling is revealed. These indirectly coupled microwave modes can be controlled using an external magnetic field or by tuning the cavity height. This work has potential for use in controllable optical devices and information processing technologies.The indirect coupling of cavity modes via a waveguide has been studied theoretically and experimentally for use in optical information processing 1 . This indirect coupling dramatically modifies the transmission spectra, and is widely used for optical filtering, buffering, switching, and sensing in photonic crystal structures 2-5 . For micro/nano disk optical cavities, coupling properties are determined by the spatial distance between the disk and the waveguide during the fabrication process. Therefore, a tunable coupling between indirectly coupled cavity modes is required for potential applications.Recently, strong coupling between a microwave cavity mode and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) has been realized at room temperature 6-17 . Exchange interactions lock the high density of spins in YIG into a macro-spin state, leading to strong coupling with a cavity mode which can be adjusted using an external magnetic field. Potential applications of this form of strong coupling are currently being explored. For example, indirect coupling between the FMR in two YIG spheres has produced dark magnon modes with potential uses in information storage technologies 18 , and the FMR of YIG has been indirectly coupled with a qubit through a microwave cavity mode 19 . Instead of using a microwave cavity mode to build a bridge between two oscillators, we have used the FMR in YIG to produce indirect coupling between two cavity modes.In this work, we present two cavity modes which indirectly couple via their strong coupling with the FMR in YIG at room temperature. The two cavity modes are labelled h ω1 (ω) and h ω2 (ω) respectively, and are independent of each other when there is no direct coupling between them. Here ω 1 and ω 2 are the uncoupled resonance frequencies of each cavity mode and ω is the input microwave frequency. The two cavity modes can be indirectly coupled with each other when they both individually interact with the FMR in YIG and this indirect coupling can be controlled using an external magnetic field. We found that the microwave transmission properties change dramatically for the coupled modes as the external field is tuned. Our experimental results,

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Hybridizing Ferromagnetic Magnons and Microwave Photons in the Quantum Limit

Cited by 921 publications

References 26 publications

Collective non-perturbative coupling of 2D electrons with high-quality-factor terahertz cavity photons

Collective non-perturbative coupling of 2D electrons with high-quality-factor terahertz cavity photons

On-chip artificial magnon-polariton device for voltage control of electromagnetically induced transparency

Indirect coupling between two cavity modes via ferromagnetic resonance

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