HYDRAcap® MAX: innovative micro-filtration for reverse osmosis pretreatment and water reuse

Two-phase flow in membrane processes: A technology with a future

“…Finally, it is worth mentioning that two-phase flow processes are also extensively used in MF/UF membranes applied as RO pretreatment in the drinking water industries. The air scour mode to reduce backwash and forward flush frequency, is applied for example by vertically positioned Aquaflex/Seaflex 55 (UF, Pentair X-Flow) with an air flow of 10 Nm 3 /h per module (0.8 mm fiber) or 15 Nm 3 /h (1.5 mm fiber) during 10 s [260], as well as by ZeeWeed 1500 (UF, GE Power & Water), Kristal (UF, Hyflux) and HYDRAcap MAX (MF, Hydranautics) hollow fiber modules to enhance recovery and decrease capital expenses [261]. In addition to that made out of polymeric membrane materials, a ceramic membrane MF system was developed by Metawater (Japan), facilitating a more rigorous cleaning process using a backwash at 5 bar with compressed air at 2 bar, for a very short period of 2-3 s [262].…”