Hydrate Formation Loaded by an Activated Carbon Bed in 3D-Printed Containers

Abstract

To improve the understanding on methane storage in wet porous media under hydrate favorable conditions, hydrate formation loaded by an activated carbon bed in three three-dimensional printed containers was carried out, while the recycling performance of the activated carbon bed was also evaluated. As expected, due to low permeability of the bed, poor hydrate kinetics was observed for small particles, but this is improved by increasing the exposure of the bed. When there is hydrate formation loaded by an activated carbon bed in a container, the specific contact area governs hydrate nucleation and growth kinetics, and the accessibility of methane with inner water increases with the increase in gas–solid contact area, giving rise to fast hydrate nucleation and large methane uptake. Impressively, the hydrate induction time for container 3 is only 3.53 and 41.79% of that in container 1 under the filling ratios (volume ratio of the sample to container) of 80 and 100% separately, while the methane uptake increases by about 8% for both the scenarios. In addition, because of the migration of water to side walls, exceptional recycling performance of the activated carbon bed was also observed, and this characteristic causes the bed to be easily charged and discharged like a battery. These findings may pave the way for the application of the adsorbed natural gas technology using wet activated carbon under hydrate-favorable conditions.

Clathrate Hydrate Framework Construction Enhanced by Waste Bio-Shavings for Efficient Methane Storage

“…The peak uptakes rose by 10.4, 8.4, and 9.2%, respectively, compared with the maximum uptakes of the water-saturated samples ( R L/S = 5.1). Although the best gas uptakes were less than that of wet porous beds ( R L/S < 1.0) stacked by such as activated carbon, natural clay, or organic frameworks, , the shaving system enabled more gravity water to participate in hydrate formation. Moreover, the issue of solid media taking up too much gas storage space will be effectively alleviated.…”

“…Porous materials that are partially or completely saturated with water could also expand the specific surface area of the water and enhance gas–liquid contact. Wet porous media such as activated carbon, , silica sand, , silica gel, , natural clay, hydrogel, , zeolites, , zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, and metal–organic frameworks, , have been shown to improve the conversion of gas–water to hydrate. Nonetheless, the solid materials took up a considerable amount of space in the fixed bed, resulting in a significant “sacrifice” of storage capacity.…”

Research Advances, Maturation, and Challenges of Hydrate-Based CO2 Sequestration in Porous Media

“…However, the specific contact area within the activated carbon bed controls the hydrate nucleation and growth kinetics. 108 Under high-pressure conditions a 100% water-to-hydrate conversion can be achieved in smaller pores (<0.7 nm) of under-saturated and saturated activated carbon systems. The use of hydrate formation in MOFs has been proven to be a potential technique for increasing the gas storage capacity of MOFs.…”

“…The attractive nature of these porous materials that encourage their use for the capture of CO 2 lies in their task-specific physical and chemical properties development , (see Figure ). Most of the studies in the literature, although few, deal with methane hydrates ,− with very few on CO 2 , hydrate. Hence, some applicable principles from methane hydrate formation were adopted to provide insight into CO 2 hydrate formation behavior in porous materials.…”

“…The presence of low permeability in smaller activated carbon particles causes poor hydrate kinetics. However, the specific contact area within the activated carbon bed controls the hydrate nucleation and growth kinetics . Under high-pressure conditions a 100% water-to-hydrate conversion can be achieved in smaller pores (<0.7 nm) of under-saturated and saturated activated carbon systems.…”