Hydration and Disease

Abstract

Many diseases have multifactorial origins. There is increasing evidence that mild dehydration plays a role in the development of various morbidities. In this review, effects of hydration status on acute and chronic diseases are depicted (excluding the acute effects of mild dehydration on exercise performance, wellness, cognitive function, and mental performance) and categorized according to four categories of evidence (I-IV). Avoidance of a high fluid intake as a precautionary measure may be indicated in patients with cardiovascular disorders, pronounced chronic renal failure (III), hypoalbuminemia, endocrinopathies, or in tumor patients with cisplatin therapy (IIb) and menace of water intoxication. Acute systemic mild hypohydration or dehydration may be a pathogenic factor in oligohydramnios (IIa), prolonged labor (IIa), cystic fibrosis (III), hypertonic dehydration (III), and renal toxicity of xenobiotica (Ib). Maintaining good hydration status has been shown to positively affect urolithiasis (Ib) and may be beneficial in treating urinary tract infection (IIb), constipation (III), hypertension (III), venous thromboembolism (III), fatal coronary heart disease (III), stroke (III), dental disease (IV), hyperosmolar hyperglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (IIb), gallstone disease (III), mitral valve prolapse (IIb), and glaucoma (III). Local mild hypohydration or dehydration may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of several broncho-pulmonary disorders like exercise asthma (IIb) or cystic fibrosis (Ib). In bladder and colon cancers, the evidence on hydration status' effects is inconsistent.

Enhancing DNA Repair by Combining only Dietary Supplement Ingredients that do not Metabolically Compete in Order to Achieve Synergism

“…Weight regulates essentially all aspects of a disease-free life via nutrition and metabolism balances/imbalances that can be estimated reproducibly by assessment of dehydration (Cheuvront et al 2010). Primary causes of everyday ill health from weight gain are bodily fluctuations in water balance (hydration) (Manz 2007). Moreover, it is a very large market since 27% of American adults have metabolic syndrome (i.e.…”

Water deprivation-partial rehydration induces sensitization of sodium appetite and alteration of hypothalamic transcripts

“…They suggest an association between the components of hypothalamic RAS and the apelin system, with neural and behavioral plasticity produced by repeated episodes of WD-PR in a normotensive strain. The results also indicate that the inherited hyperactive brain RAS is not a guarantee for sensitization of sodium intake in the male adult SHR exposed to repeated WD-PR.angiotensin; apelin; neuroplasticity; rat strain; dehydration; spontaneously hypertensive rat WATER DEPRIVATION, WHICH OCCURS IN everyday life in the wild and in cities, increases the need for sodium replacement in humans and animals, and is a subject of concern for public health (16,20,24,25).In the laboratory, repeated episodes of water deprivation (WD) followed by partial rehydration (PR), or WD-PR protocol, sensitize sodium appetite and spontaneous or daily (needfree) NaCl intake in rats (6). The WD-PR is a useful experimental protocol to separate thirst from sodium appetite in water-deprived rats (5, 6, 38), and possibly in humans (16).…”

“…angiotensin; apelin; neuroplasticity; rat strain; dehydration; spontaneously hypertensive rat WATER DEPRIVATION, WHICH OCCURS IN everyday life in the wild and in cities, increases the need for sodium replacement in humans and animals, and is a subject of concern for public health (16,20,24,25).…”

Effects of maternal hydration status on the osmolality of maternal milk

“…Adequate hydration is an unrecognized aspect of human nutrition and health (1)(2)(3). In theory, this would be a special concern among lactating women, who not only have their normal daily water losses from renal, intestinal, lung and skin, but also from a volume of milk oscillating normally around 780 ml (4).…”