Background and objectives:In response to the need for product flexibility and fast response to consumer trends, research interest frozen dough technology has continued to increase since its inception in 1970s. Common categories of these products are prefermented, unfermented, and par-baked frozen dough products, with widely known frozen dough products such as refrigerated cookies and brownies, sweet rolls, biscuits, dinner rolls, and pizza, sold "as if freshly baked" to the consumer. The underlying catalyst for the development and growth of the frozen dough products in the 1970s-1990s is closely related the development of improver technology and increased research efforts to improve frozen dough quality, thus a steady market growth in frozen dough products in the following.