Hydration or hydroxylation: direct synthesis of fullerenol from pristine fullerene [C₆₀] via acoustic cavitation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide

Abstract

A green and clean approach that requires low energy and avoids the use of any toxic or corrosive reagents/ solvents for the synthesis of potential fullerenol moieties [C 60 (OH) n $mH 2 O] was proposed in this investigation, in which pristine fullerene (C 60 ) in dil. H 2 O 2 (30%) aqueous media was ultrasonicated (20 kHz, 200 W) at 30% amplitude for 1 h. The attachment of hydroxyl groups (-OH) was investigated via FTIR and the quantification of -OH groups attached to the C 60 cage was conducted via elemental analysis. The number of secondary bound water molecules (mH 2 O) with each fullerenol molecule [C 60 (OH) n ] was measured via TGA, and the estimated average structure of fullerenol was calculated to be C 60 (OH) 8 $2H 2 O. The synthesized fullerenol was moderately soluble in water and DMSO. Furthermore, the size of the synthesized C 60 (OH) 8 $2H 2 O particles determined by both AFM and DLS analysis was found to be in the range of 135-155 nm. The proposed ultrasound-assisted acoustic cavitation technique encompasses a one-step facile reaction strategy, requires less time for the reaction, and reduces the number of solvents required for the separation and purification of C 60 (OH) 8 $2H 2 O, which could be scalable for the commercial synthesis of fullerenol moieties in the future.

Plasma-deposition of α-FeOOH particles on biochar using a gliding arc discharge in humid air: a green and sustainable route for producing oxidation catalysts

“…Such band which was not expected is also present on the spectra of the P-BC samples (Fig. S5b †) and corresponds to the in plane bending vibration of C-OH bonds in carbon materials as reported by Afreen et al 38 and by Wang et al 39 This conrm that further hydroxylation of biochar occurred during goethite deposition owing to the presence of HOc radicals in the plasma plume.…”

Increasing the Resistance of Living Cells against Oxidative Stress by Nonnatural Surfactants as Membrane Guards

“…The mass loss at a higher temperature (Δ m = −17.05%) fits to the elimination of hydroxyl groups and vinyl ethers (hemiketals). 36 The latter mass loss corresponds to an average number of ≈20 ± 1 oxygen species attached to C 60 in ( 4 ). The penta-alkylated fullerene remains after the loss of the oxygen species.…”

Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity of Fullerenol C60,70 with Low Number of Oxygen Substituents

“…The discovery and structural study of fullerene [1,3] pioneered the new field of carbon allotropes: fullerene chemistry. This new field provided various fullerene derivatives [4][5][6] with potential features useful for numerous applications. Some of the unique properties of fullerene are its three-dimensional structure and chemical reactivity [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”