An approach to overcome the limited
time and spatial scales in
molecular dynamics (MD) simulations is to reduce the number of degrees
of freedom in the system through coarse-graining. In hybrid atomistic/coarse-grained
(AT/CG) simulations, the region of interest (e.g., the solute) is
simulated at a higher level of resolution than the surrounding solvent.
Recently, we have reparametrized the interactions between the GROMOS
54A7 force field and the GROMOS CG water model to correctly reproduce
solvation free energies of side-chain analogues. In this study, a
benchmarking of the AT-CG parametrization using a broad set of 22
proteins is conducted. On the basis of the results, the idea of introducing
a thin AT water layer around the solute (protein) is revisited to
provide a detailed first solvation shell. Different layer schemes
were investigated: (a) the water molecules in the AT water layer around
the whole protein were restrained to their respective closest protein
atom, and (b) the AT water layer was present only around the charged
side chains. Results show that the second scheme is more robust in
practice and reduces artifacts from the hybrid model with only a small
additional computational cost. In general, this layer scheme was found
to preserve the structural properties of the proteins better compared
to direct solvation in CG water.