Hydration status affects mood state and pain sensation during ultra-endurance cycling

Abstract

Laboratory-based studies indicate mild dehydration adversely affects mood. Although ultra-endurance events often result in mild to moderate dehydration, little research has evaluated whether the relationship between hydration status and mood state also exists in these arduous events. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate how hydration status affected mood state and perceptual measures during a 161 km ultra-endurance cycling event. One hundred and nineteen cyclists (103 males, 16 females; age = 46 ± 9 years; height = 175.4 ± 17.9 cm; mass = 82.8 ± 16.3 kg) from the 2011 and 2013 Hotter'N Hell events participated. Perceived exertion, Thermal, Thirst, and Pain sensations, Brunel Profile of Mood States, and urine specific gravity (USG) were measured pre- (~1 h before), mid- (~97 km), and post-ride. Participants were classified at each time point as dehydrated (USG ≥ 1.022) or euhydrated (USG ≤ 1.018). Independent of time point, dehydrated participants (USG = 1.027 ± 0.004) had decreased Vigour and increased Fatigue, Pain, Thirst, and Thermal sensations compared to euhydrated participants (USG = 1.012 ± 0.004; all P < 0.01). USG significantly correlated with Fatigue (r = 0.36), Vigour (r = -0.27), Thirst (r = 0.15), and Pain (r = 0.22; all P < 0.05). In conclusion, dehydrated participants had greater Fatigue and Pain than euhydrated participants. These findings indicate dehydration may adversely affect mood state and perceptual ratings during ultra-endurance cycling.

Mild dehydration modifies the cerebrovascular response to the cold pressor test

“…1). Consistent with our results, dehydration has been shown to elevate pain-associated brain activity during the CPT (Ogino et al 2014) and perceived pain during ultra-endurance cycling (Moyen et al 2015). Furthermore, Farrell et al (2006), who stimulated thirst via hypertonic infusion rather than dehydration per se, demonstrated elevated levels of pain in response to noxious pressure.…”

Inter-correlations Among Clinical, Metabolic, and Biochemical Parameters and Their Predictive Value in Healthy and Overtrained Male Athletes: The EROS-CORRELATIONS Study

“…Similar to the correlation between fat oxidation and body water, the measured-to-predicted BMR ratio was positively correlated with hydration status and muscle mass, which reinforces the extensive descriptions on the literature that body water content, hydration status, and muscle mass are the major components of the metabolic rate (94,(96)(97)(98)(99)(102)(103)(104). Moreover, hydration has been correlated with vigor levels and other mood states at lesser extent, which is supported by the literature (105).…”

Mood aspects of rapid weight loss in adolescent wrestlers

“…Fatigue was the only intergroup distinguishing mood state. It is interesting to underline that fatigue is the most common consequence of dehydration (Benton & Young, 2015;Moyen, et al, 2015) and that the HW-group wrestlers were hypohydrated as the others (USG refractometer HW=1.027; LW and MW=1.026). Therefore, a question arises: why was the HW-group wrestlers' hydration status similar to the status of others although they had cut significantly less BM?…”

“…Further, they are strongly affected by seasonal and annual BM sways that can be considerable (Utter, 2001;Lingor & Olson, 2010). Since wrestlers most frequently reduce their BM on the account of bodily fluids, and the dehydration of about 2% may induce mood changes (Benton & Young, 2015;Moyen, et al, 2015), it was expected that a more reliable findings on RWL-induced effects on mood changes would be obtained by the objective method of USG assessment than by the self-reported body mass reduction. However, in our study a transparent picture of the RWL influence on mood states was obtained by means of the BM reduction and %BM reduction variables, whereas the variable USG yielded a somewhat confusing results in the MW-group wrestlers.…”