Hydration Status in Adolescent Judo Athletes Before and After Training in the Heat

Abstract

Adolescent judo athletes who train in tropical climates may be in a persistent state of dehydration because they frequently restrict fluids during daily training sessions to maintain or reduce their body weight and are not given enough opportunities to drink.Purpose:Determine the body hydration status of adolescent judo athletes before, immediately after, and 24 h after (24H) a training session and document sweat Na+ loss and symptoms of dehydration.Methods:Body mass and urine color and specific gravity (USG) were measured before, after, and 24 h after a training session in a high-heat-stress environment (29.5 ± 1.0°C; 77.7 ± 6.1% RH) in 24 adolescent athletes. Sweat sodium loss was also determined. A comparison was made between mid-pubertal (MP) and late pubertal (LP) subjects.Results:The majority of the subjects started training with a significant level of dehydration. During the training session, MP subjects lost 1.3 ± 0.8% of their pretraining body mass whereas LP subjects lost 1.9 ± 0.5% (P < .05). Sweat sodium concentration was 44.5 ± 23.3 mmol/L. Fluid intake from a water fountain was minimal. Subjects reported symptoms of dehydration during the session, which in some cases persisted throughout the night and the next day. The 24H USG was 1.028 ± 0.004 and 1.027 ± 0.005 g/mL for MP and LP, respectively.Conclusions:Adolescent judo athletes arrive to practice with a fluid deficit, do not drink enough during training, and experience symptoms of dehydration, which may compromise the quality of training and general well-being.

Combat Sports Injuries in Well-Trained Athletes during African Games 2015 in Brazzaville, Congo

“…Nevertheless, the strength requirements and technical characteristics of different sports' practice may also be preventive factors for bone loss and bone-related injuries (Poutreau, Pelle, Collomp et al, 2006). Furthermore, it has been reported (Rivera- Brown & De Felix-Davila, 2012) that the fluid restriction practiced by many combat sport athletes when involved in weight loss processes (Artioli, Gualano, Francini et al, 2010), in conjunction with intense training in these sport in hot environments, resulted in serious dehydration, which might provoke heat-related injuries. Despite the described risks, most judo and wrestling athletes reduce their weight a short time before competition (Fabrini, Brito, Mendes et al, 2010;Brito, Castro Martins Roas, Souza Brito et al, 2012).…”

Hydration and Perceptual Responses Resulting From a Training Session Involving Female Rhythmic Gymnastics Athletes

“…Despite the recommendation of hydrating with 375-500 mL of water 30 minutes prior to the beginning of the training session, 12 of the 13 athletes were classified as hypohydrated, with other studies having also observed this initial state [3][4][5]. The intake of 250-300 mL of water at the beginning of an activity and the further intake of around 150 mL every 20 minutes during the exercise is known to be among the recommendations for ensuring hydration [9], however, the athletes taking part in our study showed themselves to be commencing training already in a worrying state of hypohydration.…”

“…RG and other sports (judo, football, futsal) demand high aerobic fitness, strength, balance, coordination, perception and cognition [3,4], skills that can be compromised when accompanied by a negative fluid deficit >2% [5]. Young athletes from different sports (rhythmic gymnastics, tennis, football, futsal, judo), frequently begin training sessions and competitions hypohydrated and are unable to recover from one training session to the next [3,[6][7][8][9], often using restricted fluid intake for the maintenance and loss of body weight [3,9].…”

“…Young athletes from different sports (rhythmic gymnastics, tennis, football, futsal, judo), frequently begin training sessions and competitions hypohydrated and are unable to recover from one training session to the next [3,[6][7][8][9], often using restricted fluid intake for the maintenance and loss of body weight [3,9]. A chronic state of hypohydration may decrease performance, motivation and physical effort during training and competitions [10].…”

“…No studies were found that evaluated the hydration and sweating status of RG athletes during a training session in the heat. The majority of studies evaluating hydration status, sweating and fluid intake in young athletes have focused on males [3][4][5] and a few studies have involved females, which involved protocols conducted in the laboratory [12][13][14].…”