Hydraulic and geomorphic effects on mayfly drift in high‐gradient streams at moderate discharges

Wilcox, Andrew C.; Peckarsky, Barbara L.; Taylor, Barrie F.; Encalada, Andrea C.

doi:10.1002/eco.16

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…However, Spearman correlation coefficients between the measured PM variables and flow/discharge did not corroborate this hypothesis. This observation diverges from many previous findings on particle transport that showed a strong positive relationship among hydrological predictors (i.e., discharge, flow velocity, shear stress) and transported PM (Maciolek 1966;Naiman & Sedell 1979;Wilcox et al 2008). Besides water column/near-bed hydrological conditions, particle transport in streams is greatly affected by initial benthic material distribution, substratum and channel (geo)morphology, complexity of in-stream retention structures, and biological activity (Cushing et al 1993;Cordova et al 2008;Small et al 2008).…”

Section: Patterns Of Particulate Matter Transportcontrasting

confidence: 92%

Meiofauna constitute a considerable portion of invertebrate drift among moss-rich patches within a karst hydrosystem

Perić¹,

Dražina²,

Špoljar³

et al. 2014

Biologia

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Aiming to establish the most frequent invertebrate taxa in drift at the small spatial scale within a moss-rich karst tufa-precipitating hydrosystem, we sampled drift among microhabitats differing in substratum type and flow conditions along a tufa barrier-cascading lotic reach. Additionally, we addressed the question of the contribution and the potential significance of meiofauna within the overall invertebrate drift at the small spatial scale. During the study period, a total of 60 invertebrate taxa were recorded in the drift. Six of these taxa belonged to the annelid/arthropod meiofauna and they represented 35% of total drift density. Macroinvertebrates found in drift were represented mainly by larval insects. The composition of the most abundant taxa in total drift was as follows: Alona spp. (Cladocera 26.7%), Riolus spp. (Coleoptera: Elmidae 13.2%), Simulium spp. (Diptera: Simuliidae 12.2%), Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta 10.4%), Hydrachnidia (6.3%), Orthocladinae (Diptera: Chironomidae 3.9%) and Naididae (Oligochaeta 3.6%). Faunal drift densities and amounts of transported particulate matter (PM) were highest at the fast-flowing sites located at the barriers and lowest at the slowflowing sites within pools. Similarly to the seasonal amounts of transported PM, faunal drift was lowest in winter, and peaked in autumn and in late spring/early summer. Correlation between flow velocity and PM-faunal drift densities suggested a significant effect of the dislodged PM, though a minor influence of discharge and flow velocity on faunal drift. We suggest that the small-scale habitat heterogeneity and the respective feeding and refugial strategies of the fauna, as well as faunal passive dislodgement initiated by the shear forces of the flow were the most important drivers of observed drift patterns.

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Section: Patterns Of Particulate Matter Transportcontrasting

confidence: 92%

Meiofauna constitute a considerable portion of invertebrate drift among moss-rich patches within a karst hydrosystem

Perić¹,

Dražina²,

Špoljar³

et al. 2014

Biologia

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“…Benthic invertebrates may also initiate emigration at higher rates in response to unfavorable local environmental conditions. Increased emigration may occur in areas of adverse hydrology (Fonseca and Hart, 1996;Wilcox et al, 2008;Winterbottom et al, 1997) or high predation pressure (Englund, 2005;Englund et al, 2001) that occurs in lower velocity areas (Hill and Grossman, 1993;Hughes, 1992;Malmqvist and Sackmann, 1996). The latter is especially important in the context of our simple prediction that macroinvertebrate density should be inversely proportional to flow velocity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Modeling the influence of flow on invertebrate drift across spatial scales using a 2D hydraulic model and a 1D population model

Anderson

Harrison

Nisbet

et al. 2013

Ecological Modelling

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a b s t r a c tMethods for creating explicit links in environmental flow assessments between changes in physical habitat and the availability and delivery rate of macroinvertebrates that comprise fish diets are generally lacking. Here, we present a hybrid modelling approach to simulate the spatial dynamics of macroinvertebrates in a section of the Merced River in central California, re-engineered to improve the viability of Chinook salmon. Our efforts focused on quantifying the influence of the hydrodynamic environment on invertebrate drift dispersal, which is a key input to salmon bioenergetics models. We developed a twodimensional hydrodynamic model that represented flow dynamics well at baseflow and 75% bankfull discharges. Hydraulic predictions from the 2D model were coupled with a particle tracking algorithm to compute drift dispersal, where the settling rates of simulated macroinvertebrates were parameterized from the literature. Using the cross-sectional averaged velocities from the 2D model, we then developed a simpler 1D representation of how dispersal distributions respond to flow variability. These distributions were included in 1D invertebrate population models that represent variability in drift densities over reach scales. Dispersal distributions in the 2D simulation and 1D representation responded strongly to spatial changes in flow. When included in the 1D population model, dispersal responses to flow 'scaled-up' to yield distributions of drifting macroinvertebrates that showed a strong inverse relationship with flow velocity. The strength of the inverse relationship was influenced by model parameters, including the rate at which dispersers settle to the benthos. Finally, we explore how the scale of riffle/pool variability relative to characteristic length scales calculated from the 1D population model can be used to understand drift responses for different settling rates and at different discharges. We show that, under the range of parameter values explored, changes in velocity associated with transitions between riffles and pools produce local changes in drift density of proportional magnitude. This simple result suggests a means for confronting model predictions against field data.

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“…Predatory stoneflies are present in all streams in variable densities, which are unrelated to presence of fish . Detailed analyses of variation in chemical and physical (hydrological and geomorphological) features among streams showed that there were no significant multivariate differences between fish and fishless streams used in this study , Wilcox et al 2008. However, fishless streams tended to be smaller, and have less large protruding rocks, than fish streams (Wilcox et al 2008).…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 64%

The influence of recruitment on within-generation population dynamics of a mayfly

Encalada

Peckarsky

2011

Ecosphere

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Abstract. The relative contributions of recruitment and post-recruitment processes are pivotal to understanding the mechanisms influencing the population dynamics of organisms. We estimated recruitment by oviposition to populations of the mayfly Baetis bicaudatus in multiple streams of one drainage basin in western Colorado, USA, and subsequent changes in larval population densities of one cohort over one generation. Our goal was to compare the potential for recruitment limitation and postrecruitment processes to explain variation in population dynamics of one cohort in streams with predatory fish (brook trout) and fishless streams. We censused Baetis egg masses oviposited in 14 streams during summer 2001, and estimated larval densities of this cohort during September 2001, April and June 2002. There was substantial variability among streams in densities of eggs and subsequent larval densities, with qualitatively different larval dynamics in fish and fishless streams. In fishless streams egg densities were generally lower than in fish streams due to hydrogeomorphic habitat constraints; and increasing egg densities resulted in higher densities of early stage larvae. This pattern was consistent with recruitment limitation of population size of early stages, which persisted until April. In contrast, increasing egg densities in trout streams resulted in lower densities of early stage larvae, consistent with strong densitydependent losses due to post-recruitment processes. In both fish and fishless streams the loss rates of early stage larvae during winter were density-independent; but from April to June the pattern suggests strong density-dependent losses of larvae in fish streams, and weaker, although significant density-dependent losses in fishless streams as larvae developed to late instars from April to June. We conclude that recruitment can limit the population size of early larval stages of Baetis related to the availability of preferred oviposition sites for females; but post-recruitment processes eventually (in lower risk environments) or almost immediately swamp the effects of recruitment on population dynamics especially in fish streams. This study illustrates that the relative influences of recruitment limitation and postrecruitment processes on mayfly population dynamics varies across life stages and among environments with different habitat constraints and predation risks.

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Hydraulic and geomorphic effects on mayfly drift in high‐gradient streams at moderate discharges

Cited by 32 publications

References 60 publications

Meiofauna constitute a considerable portion of invertebrate drift among moss-rich patches within a karst hydrosystem

Meiofauna constitute a considerable portion of invertebrate drift among moss-rich patches within a karst hydrosystem

Modeling the influence of flow on invertebrate drift across spatial scales using a 2D hydraulic model and a 1D population model

The influence of recruitment on within-generation population dynamics of a mayfly

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