Hydraulic Characteristics of Four Peatlands in Minnesota

Gafni, Abraham; Brooks, Kenneth N.

doi:10.4141/cjss90-025

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These activities have been well-studied in Europe and Asia (UNESCO 1975, Zuidema 1975, Stewart and Lance 1983, Coulson et al 1990, G6ttlich et al 1993, Heathwaite et al 1993, Canada (Rubec et al 1988, Dang and Lieffers 1989, Hillman 1992, and in a few areas of the U.S., such as Minnesota (Rutter 1955, Boelter 1972, Glazer et al 1981, Glazer 1987, Garfi and Brooks 1990, Bradof 1992, Keirstead 1992. In contrast, there have been almost no detailed studies on the effects of ditches, water diversions, or mining in peatlands in the western United States or other mountainous regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrologic restoration of a fen in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA

et al. 1998

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Big Meadows, a 63-ha fen in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), was ditched for agricultural purposes in the early part of this century. Although use of the ditch ceased after the establishment of RMNP in 1915, it continued to intercept sheet flows in the central and southern portions of the fen, causing the ground-water level to decrease and aerobic soil conditions to develop in the mid-to late-summer of most years. In 1990, the ditch was blocked in an attempt to restore the hydrologic regime in the central and southern portions of the fen. Water-level data from three years prior to restoration and four years after restoration show that blocking the ditch successfully restored surface sheet flow, high late-summer watertable levels, and anaerobic soil conditions in much of the central and southern portions of the fen. Conditions in these areas are now similar to those in the northern portion of the fen. The long-term data from this site also indicate that summer rainfall has a greater influence on the magnitude of late-summer drying than the size of the winter snowpack. In a post-restoration year with extremely low rainfall in July and August, water levels throughout the fen decreased to levels similar to those observed throughout most of the pre-restoration period. The study suggests that this and other fens in the southern Rocky Mountains are extremely sensitive to summer precipitation and the hydrologic changes created by even small ditches or water diversions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrologic restoration of a fen in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA

et al. 1998

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“…Gafni and Brooks, 1990), would be expected to present ample opportunity for the enzymic degradation of phenolic compounds prior to their export into aquatic systems. However, the substantial quantities of phenolics that are released, suggests that such enzymic degradation is severely limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymic degradation of phenolic materials in peatlands — measurement of phenol oxidase activity

1994

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The model substrate L-dihydroxy phenylalanine (L-DOPA) was used to measure the activity of phenol-oxidase (PO) in peat from a Welsh riparian wetland. The sensitive and relatively simple technique measured the rate of formation of the red coloured compound 2-carboxy-2,3-dihydroindole-5,6-quinone from the enzymic oxidation of L-dopa. The method was used to test the hypothesis that the large exports of phenolic materials from peatlands into aquatic systems were caused by low phenolicdegrading enzyme activities within the peat matrix. The low oxygen availability and acidic pH of the peat soil were found to be sub-optimal for PO activity. Furthermore, a depth-dependent decline in PO activity was inversely correlated with phenolic concentrations. Thus, the findings supported the above hypothesis.

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“…The persistence of horizontal flow yielded constant water table gradients between P1-P3, where average water table and surface gradients were estimated to be ¾0Ð022 and ¾0Ð03 respectively. Field measurements of water table position, hydraulic gradient, and a depth profile of K h ( Figure 5) were incorporated into D-F approximations to estimate discharge at the peatland margin (Kirkham, 1967;Gafni and Brooks, 1990). Discharge from May 21 to December 9, 1998 was computed for 0Ð01 m thick layers between the water table and a peat depth of 1Ð0 m. Estimates of discharge were scaled to basin size using the peatland perimeter (11 000 m), and scaled to units of runoff using the subcatchment area (4Ð8 km 2 ).…”

Section: Hydrology and Doc At The Peatland Marginmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrology and dissolved organic carbon biogeochemistry in an ombrotrophic bog

Fraser

Roulet

Moore

2001

Hydrological Processes

158

146

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Abstract:At the Mer Bleue bog, Ontario, Canada, DOC export measured at the basin outflow was 8Ð3 š 3Ð7 g C m 2 yr 1 , and DOC loading via precipitation was estimated to be 1Ð5 š 0Ð7 g C m 2 yr 1 . Discharge and DOC export calculated using a Dupuit-Forchheimer approximation compared well (within 1 g C m 2 yr 1 ) to outflow estimates of DOC export, and confirmed that outflow measurements were a suitable proxy for DOC seepage at the peatland margins. DOC export was 12% of the magnitude of the residual carbon sink measured at the peatland. The [DOC] across groundwater transects decreased with depth, and [DOC] sampled below 0Ð75 m depths remained fairly constant over the study period. However, [DOC] exported through the acrotelm (0 to 0Ð45 m peat depth) was variable, ranging from 40 mg l 1 after snowmelt to 70 mg l 1 during the growing season. Fluorescence analysis revealed that exported DOC was 'allochthonous-like', whereas DOC in the catotelm (deeper layers of peat) became more 'autochthonous-like' with depth. A conceptual model is developed to summarize the hydrological processes and controls which affect DOC biogeochemistry at the Mer Bleue.

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Hydraulic Characteristics of Four Peatlands in Minnesota

Abstract: A. ANDBRooKS

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

Hydrologic restoration of a fen in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA

Hydrologic restoration of a fen in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA

Enzymic degradation of phenolic materials in peatlands — measurement of phenol oxidase activity

Hydrology and dissolved organic carbon biogeochemistry in an ombrotrophic bog

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